Pediatric Research

Kristine Wylie, Ph.D. kwylie@wustl.edu

Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Infectious Diseases

View my lab

Infectious Diseases

phone: (314) 454-6050

Research Interests

Dr. Kristine Wylie is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Pediatrics at Washington University School of Medicine and the McDonnell Genome Institute. Her main research interest is the study of the dynamics of the microbiome and microbial infections during pregnancy. During Dr. Wylie’s postdoctoral work, she developed methods for analyzing high-throughput metagenomic shotgun sequence data sets to study the human virome, the viral component of the microbiome. Dr. Wylie analyzed the human virome (eukaryotic viruses) in the healthy subjects from the Human Microbiome Project, providing the first analysis of the commensal virome in a large cohort of generally healthy, asymptomatic people. She and her colleagues developed a targeted sequence capture panel, ViroCap, designed to enrich nucleic acid from eukaryotic DNA and RNA viruses from 34 families that infect vertebrate hosts. This approach greatly enhances the study of eukaryotic viruses using metagenomic sequencing. Using these methods, she and her colleagues have found that characteristics of the eukaryotic virome in the vagina associate with preterm birth. They are currently studying the dynamic associations between the vaginal microbiome (viruses and bacteria) and host response in a larger cohort of pregnant women and carrying out in vitro experiments to understand the mechanisms underlying associations with preterm birth.

Education

BA, Southern Illinois University, 1996
PhD, Saint Louis University, 2009

Training

Postdoctoral Research Associate, Washington University School of Medicine, 2009 - 2013

Honors

Michael R. Levy Award in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville, 1996
Sigma Xi, Saint Louis University, 2004
Presidential Fellowship, Saint Louis University, 2004 - 2008
Student travel award, American Society for Virology 27th Annual Meeting, 2008
Alpha Sigma Nu Jesuit Honor Society, 2009
Student travel award, American Society for Virology 28th Annual Meeting, 2009
Graduate Student of the Year, Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, 2009 - 2010
NHGRI Genome Advance of the Month, The Human Microbiome Project: Extending the definition of what constitutes a human, 2012

Selected Publications view all (57)

Publication Co-Authors

Indi Trehan, MD, MPH, DTM&H

Gregory A. Storch, M.D.

Jessica Pittman, M.D., M.P.H.

Lori R. Holtz, M.D., M.S.P.H.

Phillip I. Tarr, M.D.

David A. Hunstad, M.D.

Mark J. Manary, M.D.

Richard Buller, Ph.D. D(ABMM)

Barbara B. Warner, M.D., MSc

Brian DeBosch, M.D., Ph.D.

Thomas Ferkol, M.D.

Mario Castro

Alexis M. Elward, M.D., M.P.H.

Avraham Beigelman, M.D.

David A. Rosen, M.D., Ph.D.

Todd N. Wylie

Stephanie A. Fritz, M.D., M.S.C.I.

Reich, Patrick

Leonard B. Bacharier, M.D.

1.	Wylie KM, Blankenship SA, Tuuli MG, Macones GA, Stout MJ. Evaluation of patient- versus provider-collected vaginal swabs for microbiome analysis during pregnancy. BMC Res Notes. 2018;11(1):706. PMCID:PMC6173906 PMID:30290831
2.	Wylie KM, Wylie TN, Cahill AG, Macones GA, Tuuli MG, Stout MJ. The vaginal eukaryotic DNA virome and preterm birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2018. PMID:29738749
3.	Wyczalkowski MA, Wylie KM, Cao S, McLellan MD, Flynn J, Huang M, Ye K, Fan X, Chen K, Wendl MC, Ding L. BreakPoint Surveyor: A Pipeline for Structural Variant Visualization. Bioinformatics. 2017. PMID:28582538
4.	Stout MJ, Zhou Y, Wylie KM, Tarr PI, Macones GA, Tuuli MG. Early pregnancy vaginal microbiome trends and preterm birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017. PMID:28549981
5.	Cao, S, Wendl, MC, Wyczalkowski, MA, Wylie, K, Ye, K, Jayasinghe, R, Zie, M, Wu, S, Niu, B, Grubb, R 3rd, Johnson, KJ, Gay, H, Chen, K, Rader, JS, DiPersio, JF, Chen, F, Ding, L. Divergent viral presentation among human tumors and adjacent normal tissues Sci Rep. 2016;6:28294. doi:10.1038/srep28294 PMCID:MC4919655 PMID:27339696
6.	Wylie TN, Wylie KM, Herter BN, Storch GA. Enhanced virome sequencing using targeted sequence capture. Genome Res. 2015;25(12):1910-20. doi:10.1101/gr.191049.115 PMID:26395152
7.	Wylie KM, Mihindukulasuriya KA, Zhou Y, Sodergren E, Storch GA, Weinstock GM. Metagenomic analysis of double-stranded DNA viruses in healthy adults. BMC Biol. 2014;12(1):71. doi:10.1186/s12915-014-0071-7 PMCID:PMC4177058 PMID:25212266
8.	Wylie KM, Weinstock GM, Storch GA. Virome genomics: a tool for defining the human virome. Curr Opin Microbiol. 2013;16(4):479-84. doi:10.1016/j.mib.2013.04.006 PMCID:PMC3755052 PMID:23706900

1.	Xie Y, Matsumoto H, Kennedy S, Newberry EP, Moritz W, DeBosch BJ, Moley KH, Rubin DC, Warner BW, Kau AL, Tarr PI, Wylie TN, Wylie KM, Davidson NO. Impaired chylomicron assembly modifies hepatic metabolism through bile acid dependent and transmissible microbial adaptations. Hepatology. 2019. PMID:31004524
2.	Papineau A, Berhane Y, Wylie TN, Wylie KM, Sharpe S, Lung O. Genome Organization of Canada Goose Coronavirus, A Novel Species Identified in a Mass Die-off of Canada Geese. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):5954. PMCID:PMC6459860 PMID:30976080
3.	Cao S, Wylie KM, Wyczalkowski MA, Karpova A, Ley J, Sun S, Mashl RJ, Liang WW, Wang X, Johnson K, DiPersio JF, Gay H, Ratner L, Chen F, Adkins DR, Ding L. Dynamic host immune response in virus-associated cancers. Commun Biol. 2019;2:109. PMCID:PMC6430765 PMID:30911684
4.	Wylie KM, Wylie TN, Minx PJ, Rosen DA. Whole-Genome Sequencing of Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates to Track Strain Progression in a Single Patient With Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2019;9:14. PMCID:PMC6375827 PMID:30800643
5.	Frayman KB, Wylie KM, Armstrong DS, Carzino R, Davis SD, Ferkol TW, Grimwood K, Storch GA, Ranganathan SC. Differences in the lower airway microbiota of infants with and without cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros. 2018. PMID:30580994
6.	Wylie KM, Wylie TN, Buller R, Herter B, Cannella MT, Storch GA. Detection of Viruses in Clinical Samples by Use of Metagenomic Sequencing and Targeted Sequence Capture. J Clin Microbiol. 2018;56(12). PMCID:PMC6258860 PMID:30232133
7.	Wylie KM, Blankenship SA, Tuuli MG, Macones GA, Stout MJ. Evaluation of patient- versus provider-collected vaginal swabs for microbiome analysis during pregnancy. BMC Res Notes. 2018;11(1):706. PMCID:PMC6173906 PMID:30290831
8.	Parrish KL, Wylie KM, Reich PJ, Hogan PG, Wylie TN, Kennedy CR, Lainhart W, Hunstad DA, Burnham CD, Fritz SA. Carriage of the Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin Gene by Contemporary Community-Associated Staphylococcus aureus Isolates. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2018. PMID:30285124
9.	Engelstad HJ, Barron L, Moen J, Wylie TN, Wylie K, Rubin DC, Davidson N, Cade WT, Warner BB, Warner BW. Remnant Small Bowel Length in Pediatric Short Bowel Syndrome and the Correlation with Intestinal Dysbiosis and Linear Growth. J Am Coll Surg. 2018. PMID:30077861
10.	Wylie KM, Wylie TN, Cahill AG, Macones GA, Tuuli MG, Stout MJ. The vaginal eukaryotic DNA virome and preterm birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2018. PMID:29738749
11.	Williams GD, Townsend D, Wylie KM, Kim PJ, Amarasinghe GK, Kutluay SB, Boon ACM. Nucleotide resolution mapping of influenza A virus nucleoprotein-RNA interactions reveals RNA features required for replication. Nat Commun. 2018;9(1):465. PMCID:PMC5792457 PMID:29386621
12.	Wyczalkowski MA, Wylie KM, Cao S, McLellan MD, Flynn J, Huang M, Ye K, Fan X, Chen K, Wendl MC, Ding L. BreakPoint Surveyor: A Pipeline for Structural Variant Visualization. Bioinformatics. 2017. PMID:28582538
13.	Pittman JE, Wylie KM, Akers K, Storch GA, Hatch J, Quante J, Frayman KB, Clarke N, Davis M, Stick SM, Hall GL, Montgomery G, Ranganathan S, Davis SD, Ferkol TW, AREST CF.. Association of Antibiotics, Airway Microbiome and Inflammation in Infants with Cystic Fibrosis. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2017. PMID:28708417
14.	Stout MJ, Zhou Y, Wylie KM, Tarr PI, Macones GA, Tuuli MG. Early pregnancy vaginal microbiome trends and preterm birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017. PMID:28549981
15.	Frayman KB, Armstrong DS, Carzino R, Ferkol TW, Grimwood K, Storch GA, Teo SM, Wylie KM, Ranganathan SC. The lower airway microbiota in early cystic fibrosis lung disease: a longitudinal analysis. Thorax. 2017. PMID:28280235
16.	Wylie KM, Wylie TN, Storch GA. Genome Sequence of Enterovirus D68 from St. Louis, Missouri, USA, 2016. Genome Announc. 2017;5(9). PMCID:PMC5334578 PMID:28254971
17.	Wylie KM. The Virome of the Human Respiratory Tract. Clin Chest Med. 2017;38(1):11-19. PMID:28159153
18.	Wylie KM, Stanley KM, TeKippe EM, Mihindukulasuriya K, Storch GA. Resurgence of Rotavirus Genotype G12 in St. Louis During the 2014-2015 Rotavirus Season. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2016. PMID:27988496
19.	Ordiz MI, Stephenson K, Agapova S, Wylie KM, Maleta K, Martin J, Trehan I, Tarr PI, Manary MJ. Environmental Enteric Dysfunction and the Fecal Microbiota in Malawian Children. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2016. PMID:27956653
20.	Rashidi A, Vij KR, Buller RS, Wylie KM, Storch GA, DiPersio JF. Tissue polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of cytomegalovirus disease after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Am J Hematol. 2016. PMID:27859620
21.	Cao, S, Wendl, MC, Wyczalkowski, MA, Wylie, K, Ye, K, Jayasinghe, R, Zie, M, Wu, S, Niu, B, Grubb, R 3rd, Johnson, KJ, Gay, H, Chen, K, Rader, JS, DiPersio, JF, Chen, F, Ding, L. Divergent viral presentation among human tumors and adjacent normal tissues Sci Rep. 2016;6:28294. doi:10.1038/srep28294 PMCID:MC4919655 PMID:27339696
22.	Zhou, Y, Bacharier, LB, Isaacson-Schmid, M, Baty, J, Schechtman, KB, Sajol, G, Wylie, K, Storch, GA, Castro, M, Beigelman, A. Azithromycin therapy during respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis: Upper airway microbiome alterations and subsequent recurrent wheeze J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016;pii:S0091-6749(16)30288-3. doi:10.116/j.jaci.2016.03.054 [Epub ahead of print] PMID:27339392
23.	Wylie KM, Blanco-Guzman M, Wylie TN, Lawrence SJ, Ghobadi A, DiPersio JF, Storch GA. High-throughput sequencing of cerebrospinal fluid for diagnosis of chronic Propionibacterium acnes meningitis in an allogeneic stem cell transplant recipient. Transpl Infect Dis. 2016;18(2):227-33. PMID:26895706
24.	Zhou, Y, Wylie, KM, Kim, KY, Pink, AJ, Yand, A, Reindel, R, Baker, SC, Shulman, ST, Orenstein, JM, Lingen, MW, Weinstock, GM, Tylie, TN.. Metagenomic approach for identification of the pathogens associated with diarrhea in stool specimens. J Clin Microbiol. 2016;54(2):368-75. doi:0.1128/JCM.01965-15 Epub 2015 Dec 4 PMCID:PMC4733167 PMID:26637379
25.	Rowley AH, Wylie KM, Kim KY, Pink AJ, Yang A, Reindel R, Baker SC, Shulman ST, Orenstein JM, Lingen MW, Weinstock GM, Wylie TN. The transcriptional profile of coronary arteritis in Kawasaki disease. BMC Genomics. 2015;16:1076. PMCID:PMC4683744 PMID:26679344
26.	Wylie KM, Weinstock GM, Storch GA. Emergence of Rotavirus G12P[8] in St. Louis During the 2012-2013 Rotavirus Season. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2015;4(4):e84-9. PMCID:PMC4681384 PMID:26513823
27.	Wylie TN, Wylie KM, Herter BN, Storch GA. Enhanced virome sequencing using targeted sequence capture. Genome Res. 2015;25(12):1910-20. doi:10.1101/gr.191049.115 PMID:26395152
28.	Davis, C, Kota, K, Baldhandapani, V, Gong, W, Abubucker, S, Becker, E, Martin, J, Wylie, KM, Khetani, R, Hudson, ME, Weinstock, GM, Mitreva, M. mBLAST: Keeping up with the sequencing explosion for (meta)genome analysis. J Data Mining Genomics Proteomics. 2015;4(3):135. doi:Epub 2013 Jul 31 PMCID:PMC4612494 PMID:26500804
29.	Wylie TN, Wylie KM, Buller RS, Cannella M, Storch GA. Development and Evaluation of an Enterovirus D68 Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase PCR Assay. J Clin Microbiol. 2015;53(8):2641-7. doi:10.1128/JCM.00923-15 PMCID:PMC4508392 PMID:26063859
30.	Farrell JJ, Ikladios O, Wylie KM, O'Rourke LM, Lowery KS, Cromwell JS, Wylie TN, Melendez EL, Makhoul Y, Sampath R, Bonomo RA, Storch GA. Enterovirus D68-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome in adult, United States, 2014. Emerg Infect Dis. 2015;21(5):914-6. doi:10.3201/eid2105.142033 PMCID:PMC4412249 PMID:25897542
31.	Wylie KM, Wylie TN, Orvedahl A, Buller RS, Herter BN, Magrini V, Wilson RK, Storch GA. Genome sequence of enterovirus D68 from St. Louis, Missouri, USA. Emerg Infect Dis. 2015;21(1):184-6. doi:10.3201/eid2101.141605 PMCID:PMC4285240 PMID:25532062
32.	Wylie KM, Mihindukulasuriya KA, Zhou Y, Sodergren E, Storch GA, Weinstock GM. Metagenomic analysis of double-stranded DNA viruses in healthy adults. BMC Biol. 2014;12(1):71. doi:10.1186/s12915-014-0071-7 PMCID:PMC4177058 PMID:25212266
33.	Zhou Y, Mihindukulasuriya KA, Gao H, La Rosa PS, Wylie KM, Martin JC, Kota K, Shannon WD, Mitreva M, Sodergren E, Weinstock GM. Exploration of bacterial community classes in major human habitats. Genome Biol. 2014;15(5):R66. doi:10.1186/gb-2014-15-5-r66 PMCID:PMC4073010 PMID:24887286
34.	Wylie KM, Weinstock GM, Storch GA. Virome genomics: a tool for defining the human virome. Curr Opin Microbiol. 2013;16(4):479-84. doi:10.1016/j.mib.2013.04.006 PMCID:PMC3755052 PMID:23706900
35.	Korom M, Wylie KM, Wang H, Davis KL, Sangabathula MS, Delassus GS, Morrison LA. A proautophagic antiviral role for the cellular prion protein identified by infection with a herpes simplex virus 1 ICP34.5 mutant. J Virol. 2013;87(10):5882-94. doi:10.1128/JVI.02559-12 PMCID:PMC3648145 PMID:23487467
36.	Zhou Y, Gao H, Mihindukulasuriya KA, La Rosa PS, Wylie KM, Vishnivetskaya T, Podar M, Warner B, Tarr PI, Nelson DE, Fortenberry JD, Holland MJ, Burr SE, Shannon WD, Sodergren E, Weinstock GM. Biogeography of the ecosystems of the healthy human body. Genome Biol. 2013;14(1):R1. doi:10.1186/gb-2013-14-1-r1 PMCID:PMC4054670 PMID:23316946
37.	Wylie KM, Weinstock GM, Storch GA. Emerging view of the human virome. Transl Res. 2012;160(4):283-90. doi:10.1016/j.trsl.2012.03.006 PMCID:PMC3701101 PMID:22683423
38.	Human Microbiome Project Consortium. A framework for human microbiome research. Nature. 2012;486(7402):215-21. doi:10.1038/nature11209 PMCID:PMC3377744 PMID:22699610
39.	Human Microbiome Project Consortium. Structure, function and diversity of the healthy human microbiome. Nature. 2012;486(7402):207-14. doi:10.1038/nature11234 PMCID:PMC3564958 PMID:22699609
40.	McElvania TeKippe E, Wylie KM, Deych E, Sodergren E, Weinstock G, Storch GA. Increased prevalence of anellovirus in pediatric patients with fever. PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e50937. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0050937 PMCID:PMC3511395 PMID:23226428
41.	Wylie KM, Truty RM, Sharpton TJ, Mihindukulasuriya KA, Zhou Y, Gao H, Sodergren E, Weinstock GM, Pollard KS. Novel bacterial taxa in the human microbiome. PLoS One. 2012;7(6):e35294. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0035294 PMCID:PMC3374617 PMID:22719826
42.	Wylie KM, Mihindukulasuriya KA, Sodergren E, Weinstock GM, Storch GA. Sequence analysis of the human virome in febrile and afebrile children. PLoS One. 2012;7(6):e27735. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0027735 PMCID:PMC3374612 PMID:22719819
43.	Fodor AA, DeSantis TZ, Wylie KM, Badger JH, Ye Y, Hepburn T, Hu P, Sodergren E, Liolios K, Huot-Creasy H, Birren BW, Earl AM. The "most wanted" taxa from the human microbiome for whole genome sequencing. PLoS One. 2012;7(7):e41294. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0041294 PMCID:PMC3406062 PMID:22848458
44.	Holtz LR, Wylie KM, Sodergren E, Jiang Y, Franz CJ, Weinstock GM, Storch GA, Wang D. Astrovirus MLB2 viremia in febrile child. Emerg Infect Dis. 2011;17(11):2050-2. doi:10.3201/eid1711.110496 PMCID:PMC3310569 PMID:22099095
45.	Cano-Monreal GL, Wylie KM, Cao F, Tavis JE, Morrison LA. Herpes simplex virus 2 UL13 protein kinase disrupts nuclear lamins. Virology. 2009;392(1):137-47. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2009.06.051 PMCID:PMC2769575 PMID:19640559
46.	Wylie KM, Schrimpf JE, Morrison LA. Increased eIF2alpha phosphorylation attenuates replication of herpes simplex virus 2 vhs mutants in mouse embryonic fibroblasts and correlates with reduced accumulation of the PKR antagonist ICP34.5. J Virol. 2009;83(18):9151-62. doi:10.1128/JVI.00886-09 PMCID:PMC2738226 PMID:19587046
47.	Pasieka TJ, Lu B, Crosby SD, Wylie KM, Morrison LA, Alexander DE, Menachery VD, Leib DA. Herpes simplex virus virion host shutoff attenuates establishment of the antiviral state. J Virol. 2008;82(11):5527-35. doi:10.1128/JVI.02047-07 PMCID:PMC2395185 PMID:18367525
48.	Korom M, Wylie KM, Morrison LA. Selective ablation of virion host shutoff protein RNase activity attenuates herpes simplex virus 2 in mice. J Virol. 2008;82(7):3642-53. doi:10.1128/JVI.02409-07 PMCID:PMC2268463 PMID:18234805
49.	Hillier LW, Graves TA, Fulton RS, Fulton LA, Pepin KH, Minx P, Wagner-McPherson C, Layman D, Wylie K, Sekhon M, Becker MC, Fewell GA, Delehaunty KD, Miner TL, Nash WE, Kremitzki C, Oddy L, Du H, Sun H, Bradshaw-Cordum H, Ali J, Carter J, Cordes M, Harris A, Isak A, van Brunt A, Nguyen C, Du F, Courtney L, Kalicki J, Ozersky P, Abbott S, Armstrong J, Belter EA, Caruso L, Cedroni M, Cotton M, Davidson T, Desai A, Elliott G, Erb T, Fronick C, Gaige T, Haakenson W, Haglund K, Holmes A, Harkins R, Kim K, Kruchowski SS, Strong CM, Grewal N, Goyea E, Hou S, Levy A, Martinka S, Mead K, McLellan MD, Meyer R, Randall-Maher J, Tomlinson C, Dauphin-Kohlberg S, Kozlowicz-Reilly A, Shah N, Swearengen-Shahid S, Snider J, Strong JT, Thompson J, Yoakum M, Leonard S, Pearman C, Trani L, Radionenko M, Waligorski JE, Wang C, Rock SM, Tin-Wollam AM, Maupin R, Latreille P, Wendl MC, Yang SP, Pohl C, Wallis JW, Spieth J, Bieri TA, Berkowicz N, Nelson JO, Osborne J, Ding L, Meyer R, Sabo A, Shotland Y, Sinha P, Wohldmann PE, Cook LL, Hickenbotham MT, Eldred J, Williams D, Jones TA, She X, Ciccarelli FD, Izaurralde E, Taylor J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Cox DR, Huang X, McPherson JD, Mardis ER, Clifton SW, Warren WC, Chinwalla AT, Eddy SR, Marra MA, Ovcharenko I, Furey TS, Miller W, Eichler EE, Bork P, Suyama M, Torrents D, Waterston RH, Wilson RK. Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4. Nature. 2005;434(7034):724-31. doi:10.1038/nature03466 PMID:15815621
50.	Wallis JW, Aerts J, Groenen MA, Crooijmans RP, Layman D, Graves TA, Scheer DE, Kremitzki C, Fedele MJ, Mudd NK, Cardenas M, Higginbotham J, Carter J, McGrane R, Gaige T, Mead K, Walker J, Albracht D, Davito J, Yang SP, Leong S, Chinwalla A, Sekhon M, Wylie K, Dodgson J, Romanov MN, Cheng H, de Jong PJ, Osoegawa K, Nefedov M, Zhang H, McPherson JD, Krzywinski M, Schein J, Hillier L, Mardis ER, Wilson RK, Warren WC. A physical map of the chicken genome. Nature. 2004;432(7018):761-4. doi:10.1038/nature03030 PMID:15592415
51.	International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium. Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome. Nature. 2004;431(7011):931-45. doi:10.1038/nature03001 PMID:15496913
52.	Hillier LW, Fulton RS, Fulton LA, Graves TA, Pepin KH, Wagner-McPherson C, Layman D, Maas J, Jaeger S, Walker R, Wylie K, Sekhon M, Becker MC, O'Laughlin MD, Schaller ME, Fewell GA, Delehaunty KD, Miner TL, Nash WE, Cordes M, Du H, Sun H, Edwards J, Bradshaw-Cordum H, Ali J, Andrews S, Isak A, Vanbrunt A, Nguyen C, Du F, Lamar B, Courtney L, Kalicki J, Ozersky P, Bielicki L, Scott K, Holmes A, Harkins R, Harris A, Strong CM, Hou S, Tomlinson C, Dauphin-Kohlberg S, Kozlowicz-Reilly A, Leonard S, Rohlfing T, Rock SM, Tin-Wollam AM, Abbott A, Minx P, Maupin R, Strowmatt C, Latreille P, Miller N, Johnson D, Murray J, Woessner JP, Wendl MC, Yang SP, Schultz BR, Wallis JW, Spieth J, Bieri TA, Nelson JO, Berkowicz N, Wohldmann PE, Cook LL, Hickenbotham MT, Eldred J, Williams D, Bedell JA, Mardis ER, Clifton SW, Chissoe SL, Marra MA, Raymond C, Haugen E, Gillett W, Zhou Y, James R, Phelps K, Iadanoto S, Bubb K, Simms E, Levy R, Clendenning J, Kaul R, Kent WJ, Furey TS, Baertsch RA, Brent MR, Keibler E, Flicek P, Bork P, Suyama M, Bailey JA, Portnoy ME, Torrents D, Chinwalla AT, Gish WR, Eddy SR, McPherson JD, Olson MV, Eichler EE, Green ED, Waterston RH, Wilson RK. The DNA sequence of human chromosome 7. Nature. 2003;424(6945):157-64. doi:10.1038/nature01782 PMID:12853948
53.	Gregory SG, Sekhon M, Schein J, Zhao S, Osoegawa K, Scott CE, Evans RS, Burridge PW, Cox TV, Fox CA, Hutton RD, Mullenger IR, Phillips KJ, Smith J, Stalker J, Threadgold GJ, Birney E, Wylie K, Chinwalla A, Wallis J, Hillier L, Carter J, Gaige T, Jaeger S, Kremitzki C, Layman D, Maas J, McGrane R, Mead K, Walker R, Jones S, Smith M, Asano J, Bosdet I, Chan S, Chittaranjan S, Chiu R, Fjell C, Fuhrmann D, Girn N, Gray C, Guin R, Hsiao L, Krzywinski M, Kutsche R, Lee SS, Mathewson C, McLeavy C, Messervier S, Ness S, Pandoh P, Prabhu AL, Saeedi P, Smailus D, Spence L, Stott J, Taylor S, Terpstra W, Tsai M, Vardy J, Wye N, Yang G, Shatsman S, Ayodeji B, Geer K, Tsegaye G, Shvartsbeyn A, Gebregeorgis E, Krol M, Russell D, Overton L, Malek JA, Holmes M, Heaney M, Shetty J, Feldblyum T, Nierman WC, Catanese JJ, Hubbard T, Waterston RH, Rogers J, de Jong PJ, Fraser CM, Marra M, McPherson JD, Bentley DR. A physical map of the mouse genome. Nature. 2002;418(6899):743-50. doi:10.1038/nature00957 PMID:12181558
54.	Hukriede N, Fisher D, Epstein J, Joly L, Tellis P, Zhou Y, Barbazuk B, Cox K, Fenton-Noriega L, Hersey C, Miles J, Sheng X, Song A, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Dawid IB, Chevrette M, Zon LI, McPherson J, Ekker M. The LN54 radiation hybrid map of zebrafish expressed sequences. Genome Res. 2001;11(12):2127-32. doi:10.1101/gr.210601 PMCID:PMC311215 PMID:11731504
55.	McPherson JD, Marra M, Hillier L, Waterston RH, Chinwalla A, Wallis J, Sekhon M, Wylie K, Mardis ER, Wilson RK, Fulton R, Kucaba TA, Wagner-McPherson C, Barbazuk WB, Gregory SG, Humphray SJ, French L, Evans RS, Bethel G, Whittaker A, Holden JL, McCann OT, Dunham A, Soderlund C, Scott CE, Bentley DR, Schuler G, Chen HC, Jang W, Green ED, Idol JR, Maduro VV, Montgomery KT, Lee E, Miller A, Emerling S, Kucherlapati, Gibbs R, Scherer S, Gorrell JH, Sodergren E, Clerc-Blankenburg K, Tabor P, Naylor S, Garcia D, de Jong PJ, Catanese JJ, Nowak N, Osoegawa K, Qin S, Rowen L, Madan A, Dors M, Hood L, Trask B, Friedman C, Massa H, Cheung VG, Kirsch IR, Reid T, Yonescu R, Weissenbach J, Bruls T, Heilig R, Branscomb E, Olsen A, Doggett N, Cheng JF, Hawkins T, Myers RM, Shang J, Ramirez L, Schmutz J, Velasquez O, Dixon K, Stone NE, Cox DR, Haussler D, Kent WJ, Furey T, Rogic S, Kennedy S, Jones S, Rosenthal A, Wen G, Schilhabel M, Gloeckner G, Nyakatura G, Siebert R, Schlegelberger B, Korenberg J, Chen XN, Fujiyama A, Hattori M, Toyoda A, Yada T, Park HS, Sakaki Y, Shimizu N, Asakawa S, Kawasaki K, Sasaki T, Shintani A, Shimizu A, Shibuya K, Kudoh J, Minoshima S, Ramser J, Seranski P, Hoff C, Poustka A, Reinhardt R, Lehrach H, International Human Genome Mapping Consortium. A physical map of the human genome. Nature. 2001;409(6822):934-41. doi:10.1038/35057157 PMID:11237014
56.	Tilford CA, Kuroda-Kawaguchi T, Skaletsky H, Rozen S, Brown LG, Rosenberg M, McPherson JD, Wylie K, Sekhon M, Kucaba TA, Waterston RH, Page DC. A physical map of the human Y chromosome. Nature. 2001;409(6822):943-5. doi:10.1038/35057170 PMID:11237016
57.	Lander ES, Linton LM, Birren B, Nusbaum C, Zody MC, Baldwin J, Devon K, Dewar K, Doyle M, FitzHugh W, Funke R, Gage D, Harris K, Heaford A, Howland J, Kann L, Lehoczky J, LeVine R, McEwan P, McKernan K, Meldrim J, Mesirov JP, Miranda C, Morris W, Naylor J, Raymond C, Rosetti M, Santos R, Sheridan A, Sougnez C, Stange-Thomann Y, Stojanovic N, Subramanian A, Wyman D, Rogers J, Sulston J, Ainscough R, Beck S, Bentley D, Burton J, Clee C, Carter N, Coulson A, Deadman R, Deloukas P, Dunham A, Dunham I, Durbin R, French L, Grafham D, Gregory S, Hubbard T, Humphray S, Hunt A, Jones M, Lloyd C, McMurray A, Matthews L, Mercer S, Milne S, Mullikin JC, Mungall A, Plumb R, Ross M, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Waterston RH, Wilson RK, Hillier LW, McPherson JD, Marra MA, Mardis ER, Fulton LA, Chinwalla AT, Pepin KH, Gish WR, Chissoe SL, Wendl MC, Delehaunty KD, Miner TL, Delehaunty A, Kramer JB, Cook LL, Fulton RS, Johnson DL, Minx PJ, Clifton SW, Hawkins T, Branscomb E, Predki P, Richardson P, Wenning S, Slezak T, Doggett N, Cheng JF, Olsen A, Lucas S, Elkin C, Uberbacher E, Frazier M, Gibbs RA, Muzny DM, Scherer SE, Bouck JB, Sodergren EJ, Worley KC, Rives CM, Gorrell JH, Metzker ML, Naylor SL, Kucherlapati RS, Nelson DL, Weinstock GM, Sakaki Y, Fujiyama A, Hattori M, Yada T, Toyoda A, Itoh T, Kawagoe C, Watanabe H, Totoki Y, Taylor T, Weissenbach J, Heilig R, Saurin W, Artiguenave F, Brottier P, Bruls T, Pelletier E, Robert C, Wincker P, Smith DR, Doucette-Stamm L, Rubenfield M, Weinstock K, Lee HM, Dubois J, Rosenthal A, Platzer M, Nyakatura G, Taudien S, Rump A, Yang H, Yu J, Wang J, Huang G, Gu J, Hood L, Rowen L, Madan A, Qin S, Davis RW, Federspiel NA, Abola AP, Proctor MJ, Myers RM, Schmutz J, Dickson M, Grimwood J, Cox DR, Olson MV, Kaul R, Raymond C, Shimizu N, Kawasaki K, Minoshima S, Evans GA, Athanasiou M, Schultz R, Roe BA, Chen F, Pan H, Ramser J, Lehrach H, Reinhardt R, McCombie WR, de la Bastide M, Dedhia N, Blöcker H, Hornischer K, Nordsiek G, Agarwala R, Aravind L, Bailey JA, Bateman A, Batzoglou S, Birney E, Bork P, Brown DG, Burge CB, Cerutti L, Chen HC, Church D, Clamp M, Copley RR, Doerks T, Eddy SR, Eichler EE, Furey TS, Galagan J, Gilbert JG, Harmon C, Hayashizaki Y, Haussler D, Hermjakob H, Hokamp K, Jang W, Johnson LS, Jones TA, Kasif S, Kaspryzk A, Kennedy S, Kent WJ, Kitts P, Koonin EV, Korf I, Kulp D, Lancet D, Lowe TM, McLysaght A, Mikkelsen T, Moran JV, Mulder N, Pollara VJ, Ponting CP, Schuler G, Schultz J, Slater G, Smit AF, Stupka E, Szustakowki J, Thierry-Mieg D, Thierry-Mieg J, Wagner L, Wallis J, Wheeler R, Williams A, Wolf YI, Wolfe KH, Yang SP, Yeh RF, Collins F, Guyer MS, Peterson J, Felsenfeld A, Wetterstrand KA, Patrinos A, Morgan MJ, de Jong P, Catanese JJ, Osoegawa K, Shizuya H, Choi S, Chen YJ, Szustakowki J, International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium. Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome. Nature. 2001;409(6822):860-921. doi:10.1038/35057062 PMID:11237011