Leonard B. Bacharier, M.D. bacharier_l@wustl.edu

Clinical Director, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine

Unit Co-Leader, Patient Oriented Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics

Patient Oriented Research Unit Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine

phone: (314) 454-2694

Education

BA, General and Department Honors, The Johns Hopkins University, 1988
MD, Washington University School of Medicine, 1992

Training

Internship and Residency, St. Louis Children's Hospital, 1992 - 1995
Fellowship , Children's Hospital, Boston and Harvard Medical School , 1995 - 1998

Licensure and Board Certification

Diplomate, National Board of Medical Examiners , 1993
Diplomate, American Board of Pediatrics, Recertified 2002 , 1996
Diplomate, American Board of Allergy and Immunology, Recertified 2006 , 1997
MO, Medical License , 1998

Honors

Washington University Student Research Fellowship, 1989
ACAAI Travel Grant, 1996
The Distinguished Residents and Fellows Asthma Education Program, London, England, 1996
AAAAI Travel Grant, 1997 and 1998, 1997
National Institutes of Health Pediatric Research Loan Repayment Award (renewal 2004-6), 2002 - 2004
Samuel R. Goldstein Leadership Award in Medical Student Education, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 2005
Alpha Omega Alpha, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 2013
Harvey R. Colten, MD Scholar in Pediatrics, 2015 - 2016
Donald B. Strominger Professor of Pediatrics, 2016 - Pres

Selected Publications view all (114)

Publication Co-Authors

Gregory A. Storch, M.D.

Todd Druley, M.D., Ph.D.

Caroline C. Horner, M.D.

Kristine Wylie, Ph.D.

Richard Buller, Ph.D. D(ABMM)

Maleewan Kitcharoensakkul, M.D.

Andrea Coverstone, M.D.

Mario Castro

Charles Canter, M.D.

Katherine Rivera-Spoljaric, M.D., MSCI

Avraham Beigelman, M.D.

Jane M. Garbutt, M.D.

Ana María Arbeláez, M.D. MSCI

Gordon R. Bloomberg, M.D.

Todd Wylie

Toby Rockefeller

S. Celeste Morley, M.D., Ph.D.

1.	Kaiser S, Huynh T, Bacharier L, Rosenthal J, Bakel L, Parkin P, Cabana M. Preventing Exacerbations in Preschoolers with Recurrent Wheeze: A Meta-Analysis Pediatrics (In Press). 2016.
2.	Reid, B., Girodet, P., Boomer, J.S., Abdel-Gadir, A., Zheng, K., Wechsler, M.E., Bacharier, L.B., Kunselman, S.J., King, T.S., Israel, E., Castro, M., Cernadas, M., Green JM. Vitamin D3 treatment of vitamin D insufficient asthmatics does not alter immune cell function. J Allergy Clin Immunol (In Press). 2016.
3.	Beigelman A, Bacharier LB. Early-life respiratory infections and asthma development: role in disease pathogenesis and potential targets for disease prevention. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016;16(2):172-8. doi:10.1097/ACI.0000000000000244 PMID:26854761
4.	Wandalsen GF, Solé D, Bacharier LB. Identification of infants and preschool children at risk for asthma: predictive scores and biomarkers. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016;16(2):120-6. doi:10.1097/ACI.0000000000000240 PMID:26807784
5.	Kitcharoensakkul M, Bacharier LB, Yin-Declue H, Boomer JS, Burgdorf D, Wilson B, Schechtman K, Castro M. Temporal biological variability in dendritic cells and regulatory T cells in peripheral blood of healthy adults. J Immunol Methods. 2016;431:63-5. doi:10.1016/j.jim.2016.02.006 PMCID:PMC4801223 PMID:26859243
6.	Jiao J, King TS, McKenzie M, Bacharier LB, Dixon AE, Codispoti CD, Dunn RM, Grossman NL, Lugogo NL, Ramratnam SK, Traister RS, Wechsler ME, Castro M, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's AsthmaNet. Vitamin D₃ therapy in patients with asthma complicated by sinonasal disease: Secondary analysis of the Vitamin D Add-on Therapy Enhances Corticosteroid Responsiveness in Asthma trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2015.12.1329 PMID:26971692
7.	Kakumanu S, Jaffee K, Visness CM, Dresen A, Burger M, Witter FR, O'Connor GT, Cruikshank WW, Shreffler WG, Bacharier LB, Gern JE. The influence of atopy and asthma on immune responses in inner-city adults. Immun Inflamm Dis. 2016;4(1):80-90. doi:10.1002/iid3.96 PMCID:PMC4768071 PMID:27042305
8.	Reid B, Girodet PO, Boomer JS, Abdel-Gadir A, Zheng K, Wechsler ME, Bacharier LB, Kunselman SJ, King TS, Israel E, Castro M, Cernadas M, Green JM. Vitamin D3 treatment of vitamin D-insufficient asthmatic patients does not alter immune cell function. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2015.11.030 PMID:26874367
9.	Litonjua AA, Carey VJ, Laranjo N, Harshfield BJ, McElrath TF, O'Connor GT, Sandel M, Iverson RE Jr, Lee-Paritz A, Strunk RC, Bacharier LB, Macones GA, Zeiger RS, Schatz M, Hollis BW, Hornsby E, Hawrylowicz C, Wu AC, Weiss ST. Effect of Prenatal Supplementation With Vitamin D on Asthma or Recurrent Wheezing in Offspring by Age 3 Years: The VDAART Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2016;315(4):362-70. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.18589 PMID:26813209
10.	Beigelman A, Bacharier LB. Management of Preschool Children with Recurrent Wheezing: Lessons from the NHLBI's Asthma Research Networks. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2016;4(1):1-8. doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2015.10.003 PMCID:PMC4715860 PMID:26772922

1.	Zhou Y, Bacharier LB, Isaacson-Schmid M, Baty J, Schechtman KB, Sajol G, Wylie K, Storch GA, Castro M, Beigelman A. Azithromycin therapy during respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis: Upper airway microbiome alterations and subsequent recurrent wheeze. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016. PMID:27339392
2.	Horner CC, Dula C, Bacharier LB, Garbutt JM, Gonzalez C, Deych E, Shannon WD, Strunk RC. Daily global stress is associated with nocturnal asthma awakenings in school-age children. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016. PMID:27246525
3.	Kaiser S, Huynh T, Bacharier L, Rosenthal J, Bakel L, Parkin P, Cabana M. Preventing Exacerbations in Preschoolers with Recurrent Wheeze: A Meta-Analysis Pediatrics (In Press). 2016.
4.	Reid, B., Girodet, P., Boomer, J.S., Abdel-Gadir, A., Zheng, K., Wechsler, M.E., Bacharier, L.B., Kunselman, S.J., King, T.S., Israel, E., Castro, M., Cernadas, M., Green JM. Vitamin D3 treatment of vitamin D insufficient asthmatics does not alter immune cell function. J Allergy Clin Immunol (In Press). 2016.
5.	Beigelman A, Bacharier LB. Early-life respiratory infections and asthma development: role in disease pathogenesis and potential targets for disease prevention. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016;16(2):172-8. doi:10.1097/ACI.0000000000000244 PMID:26854761
6.	Wandalsen GF, Solé D, Bacharier LB. Identification of infants and preschool children at risk for asthma: predictive scores and biomarkers. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016;16(2):120-6. doi:10.1097/ACI.0000000000000240 PMID:26807784
7.	Kitcharoensakkul M, Bacharier LB, Yin-Declue H, Boomer JS, Burgdorf D, Wilson B, Schechtman K, Castro M. Temporal biological variability in dendritic cells and regulatory T cells in peripheral blood of healthy adults. J Immunol Methods. 2016;431:63-5. doi:10.1016/j.jim.2016.02.006 PMCID:PMC4801223 PMID:26859243
8.	Jiao J, King TS, McKenzie M, Bacharier LB, Dixon AE, Codispoti CD, Dunn RM, Grossman NL, Lugogo NL, Ramratnam SK, Traister RS, Wechsler ME, Castro M, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's AsthmaNet. Vitamin D₃ therapy in patients with asthma complicated by sinonasal disease: Secondary analysis of the Vitamin D Add-on Therapy Enhances Corticosteroid Responsiveness in Asthma trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2015.12.1329 PMID:26971692
9.	Kakumanu S, Jaffee K, Visness CM, Dresen A, Burger M, Witter FR, O'Connor GT, Cruikshank WW, Shreffler WG, Bacharier LB, Gern JE. The influence of atopy and asthma on immune responses in inner-city adults. Immun Inflamm Dis. 2016;4(1):80-90. doi:10.1002/iid3.96 PMCID:PMC4768071 PMID:27042305
10.	Reid B, Girodet PO, Boomer JS, Abdel-Gadir A, Zheng K, Wechsler ME, Bacharier LB, Kunselman SJ, King TS, Israel E, Castro M, Cernadas M, Green JM. Vitamin D3 treatment of vitamin D-insufficient asthmatic patients does not alter immune cell function. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2015.11.030 PMID:26874367
11.	Litonjua AA, Carey VJ, Laranjo N, Harshfield BJ, McElrath TF, O'Connor GT, Sandel M, Iverson RE Jr, Lee-Paritz A, Strunk RC, Bacharier LB, Macones GA, Zeiger RS, Schatz M, Hollis BW, Hornsby E, Hawrylowicz C, Wu AC, Weiss ST. Effect of Prenatal Supplementation With Vitamin D on Asthma or Recurrent Wheezing in Offspring by Age 3 Years: The VDAART Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2016;315(4):362-70. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.18589 PMID:26813209
12.	Beigelman A, Bacharier LB. Management of Preschool Children with Recurrent Wheezing: Lessons from the NHLBI's Asthma Research Networks. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2016;4(1):1-8. doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2015.10.003 PMCID:PMC4715860 PMID:26772922
13.	Dillon MB, Schulten V, Oseroff C, Paul S, Dullanty LM, Frazier A, Belles X, Piulachs MD, Visness C, Bacharier L, Bloomberg GR, Busse P, Sidney J, Peters B, Sette A. Different Bla-g T cell antigens dominate responses in asthma versus rhinitis subjects. Clin Exp Allergy. 2015;45(12):1856-67. doi:10.1111/cea.12643 PMCID:PMC4654660 PMID:26414909
14.	Bacharier LB. The recurrently wheezing preschool child-benign or asthma in the making? Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2015;115(6):463-70. doi:10.1016/j.anai.2015.09.019 PMID:26653278
15.	Bacharier LB, Guilbert TW, Mauger DT, Boehmer S, Beigelman A, Fitzpatrick AM, Jackson DJ, Baxi SN, Benson M, Burnham CA, Cabana M, Castro M, Chmiel JF, Covar R, Daines M, Gaffin JM, Gentile DA, Holguin F, Israel E, Kelly HW, Lazarus SC, Lemanske RF Jr, Ly N, Meade K, Morgan W, Moy J, Olin T, Peters SP, Phipatanakul W, Pongracic JA, Raissy HH, Ross K, Sheehan WJ, Sorkness C, Szefler SJ, Teague WG, Thyne S, Martinez FD, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s AsthmaNet. Early Administration of Azithromycin and Prevention of Severe Lower Respiratory Tract Illnesses in Preschool Children With a History of Such Illnesses: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2015;314(19):2034-44. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.13896 PMCID:PMC4757487 PMID:26575060
16.	Beigelman A, Bacharier LB, Baty J, Buller R, Mason S, Schechtman KB, Sajol G, Isaacson-Schmid M, Castro M, Storch GA. Does azithromycin modify viral load during severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis? J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015;136(4):1129-31. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2015.06.011 PMCID:PMC4600448 PMID:26215052
17.	Beigelman A, Bacharier LB. Reply: To PMID 25458910. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015;136(4):1135-6. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2015.07.013 PMID:26309182
18.	Beigelman A, Castro M, Schweiger TL, Wilson BS, Zheng J, Yin-DeClue H, Sajol G, Giri T, Sierra OL, Isaacson-Schmid M, Sumino K, Schechtman KB, Bacharier LB. Vitamin D Levels Are Unrelated to the Severity of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Bronchiolitis Among Hospitalized Infants. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2015;4(3):182-8. doi:10.1093/jpids/piu042 PMCID:PMC4554201 PMID:26336601
19.	Smith LJ, Kalhan R, Wise RA, Sugar EA, Lima JJ, Irvin CG, Dozor AJ, Holbrook JT, American Lung Association Asthma Clinical Research Centers. Effect of a soy isoflavone supplement on lung function and clinical outcomes in patients with poorly controlled asthma: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2015;313(20):2033-43. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.5024 PMID:26010632
20.	Beigelman A, Isaacson-Schmid M, Sajol G, Baty J, Rodriguez OM, Leege E, Lyons K, Schweiger TL, Zheng J, Schechtman KB, Castro M, Bacharier LB. Randomized trial to evaluate azithromycin's effects on serum and upper airway IL-8 levels and recurrent wheezing in infants with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015;135(5):1171-1178.e1. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2014.10.001 PMCID:PMC4426225 PMID:25458910
21.	Coverstone A, Bacharier LB, Fitzpatrick AM. Severe asthma in school-age children: evaluation and phenotypic advances. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2015;15(5):20. doi:10.1007/s11882-015-0521-5 PMID:26134431
22.	Gerald JK, Gerald LB, Vasquez MM, Morgan WJ, Boehmer SJ, Lemanske RF Jr, Mauger DT, Strunk RC, Szefler SJ, Zeiger RS, Bacharier LB, Bade E, Covar RA, Guilbert TW, Heidarian-Raissy H, Kelly HW, Malka-Rais J, Sorkness CA, Taussig LM, Chinchilli VM, Martinez FD. Markers of Differential Response to Inhaled Corticosteroid Treatment Among Children with Mild Persistent Asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2015. doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2015.01.023 PMID:25783161
23.	Strunk RC, Colvin R, Bacharier LB, Fuhlbrigge A, Forno E, Arbelaez AM, Tantisira KG, Childhood Asthma Management Program Research Group. Airway Obstruction Worsens in Young Adults with Asthma Who Become Obese. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2015;3(5):765-71.e2. doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2015.05.009 PMCID:PMC4568157 PMID:26164807
24.	Torgerson DG, Giri T, Druley TE, Zheng J, Huntsman S, Seibold MA, Young AL, Schweiger T, Yin-Declue H, Sajol GD, Schechtman KB, Hernandez RD, Randolph AG, Bacharier LB, Castro M. Pooled Sequencing of Candidate Genes Implicates Rare Variants in the Development of Asthma Following Severe RSV Bronchiolitis in Infancy. PLoS One. 2015;10(11):e0142649. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0142649 PMCID:PMC4654486 PMID:26587832
25.	Beigelman A, Chipps BE, Bacharier LB. Update on the utility of corticosteroids in acute pediatric respiratory disorders. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2015;36(5):332-8. doi:10.2500/aap.2015.36.3865 PMCID:PMC4548893 PMID:26314814
26.	Lynch SV, Wood RA, Boushey H, Bacharier LB, Bloomberg GR, Kattan M, O'Connor GT, Sandel MT, Calatroni A, Matsui E, Johnson CC, Lynn H, Visness CM, Jaffee KF, Gergen PJ, Gold DR, Wright RJ, Fujimura K, Rauch M, Busse WW, Gern JE. Effects of early-life exposure to allergens and bacteria on recurrent wheeze and atopy in urban children. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;134(3):593-601.e12. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2014.04.018 PMID:24908147
27.	Witt CA, Sheshadri A, Carlstrom L, Tarsi J, Kozlowski J, Wilson B, Gierada DS, Hoffman E, Fain SB, Cook-Granroth J, Sajol G, Sierra O, Giri T, O'Neill M, Zheng J, Schechtman KB, Bacharier LB, Jarjour N, Busse W, Castro M, NHLBI Severe Asthma Research Program (SARP). Longitudinal changes in airway remodeling and air trapping in severe asthma. Acad Radiol. 2014;21(8):986-93. doi:10.1016/j.acra.2014.05.001 PMCID:PMC4100072 PMID:25018070
28.	Dinakar C, Oppenheimer J, Portnoy J, Bacharier LB, Li J, Kercsmar CM, Bernstein D, Blessing-Moore J, Khan D, Lang D, Nicklas R, Randolph C, Schuller D, Spector S, Tilles SA, Wallace D, Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters, Practice Parameter Workgroup, American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. Management of acute loss of asthma control in the yellow zone: a practice parameter. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2014;113(2):143-59. doi:10.1016/j.anai.2014.05.017 PMID:25065350
29.	Bousquet J, Gern JE, Martinez FD, Anto JM, Johnson CC, Holt PG, Lemanske RF Jr, Le Souëf PN, Tepper RS, von Mutius ER, Arshad SH, Bacharier LB, Becker A, Belanger K, Bergström A, Bernstein DI, Cabana MD, Carroll KN, Castro M, Cooper PJ, Gillman MW, Gold DR, Henderson J, Heinrich J, Hong SJ, Jackson DJ, Keil T, Kozyrskyj AL, Lødrup Carlsen KC, Miller RL, Momas I, Morgan WJ, Noel P, Ownby DR, Pinart M, Ryan PH, Schwaninger JM, Sears MR, Simpson A, Smit HA, Stern DA, Subbarao P, Valenta R, Wang X, Weiss ST, Wood R, Wright AL, Wright RJ, Togias A, Gergen PJ. Birth cohorts in asthma and allergic diseases: report of a NIAID/NHLBI/MeDALL joint workshop. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;133(6):1535-46. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2014.01.018 PMCID:PMC4088262 PMID:24636091
30.	Castro M, King TS, Kunselman SJ, Cabana MD, Denlinger L, Holguin F, Kazani SD, Moore WC, Moy J, Sorkness CA, Avila P, Bacharier LB, Bleecker E, Boushey HA, Chmiel J, Fitzpatrick AM, Gentile D, Hundal M, Israel E, Kraft M, Krishnan JA, LaForce C, Lazarus SC, Lemanske R, Lugogo N, Martin RJ, Mauger DT, Naureckas E, Peters SP, Phipatanakul W, Que LG, Sheshadri A, Smith L, Solway J, Sullivan-Vedder L, Sumino K, Wechsler ME, Wenzel S, White SR, Sutherland ER, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s AsthmaNet. Effect of vitamin D3 on asthma treatment failures in adults with symptomatic asthma and lower vitamin D levels: the VIDA randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2014;311(20):2083-91. doi:10.1001/jama.2014.5052 PMID:24838406
31.	Beigelman A, Zeiger RS, Mauger D, Strunk RC, Jackson DJ, Martinez FD, Morgan WJ, Covar R, Szefler SJ, Taussig LM, Bacharier LB, Childhood Asthma Research and Education (CARE) Network of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. The association between vitamin D status and the rate of exacerbations requiring oral corticosteroids in preschool children with recurrent wheezing. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;133(5):1489-92, 1492.e1-3. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2014.02.024 PMCID:PMC4086617 PMID:24698320
32.	Litonjua AA, Lange NE, Carey VJ, Brown S, Laranjo N, Harshfield BJ, O'Connor GT, Sandel M, Strunk RC, Bacharier LB, Zeiger RS, Schatz M, Hollis BW, Weiss ST. The Vitamin D Antenatal Asthma Reduction Trial (VDAART): rationale, design, and methods of a randomized, controlled trial of vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy for the primary prevention of asthma and allergies in children. Contemp Clin Trials. 2014;38(1):37-50. doi:10.1016/j.cct.2014.02.006 PMCID:PMC4086903 PMID:24614387
33.	Wandalsen GF, Chong-Neto HJ, de Souza FS, Solé D, Bacharier LB. Early weight gain and the development of asthma and atopy in children. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;14(2):126-30. doi:10.1097/ACI.0000000000000037 PMID:24451911
34.	Beigelman A, Weinstock GM, Bacharier LB. The relationships between environmental bacterial exposure, airway bacterial colonization, and asthma. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;14(2):137-42. doi:10.1097/ACI.0000000000000036 PMID:24451910
35.	Beigelman A, Bacharier LB. Infection-induced wheezing in young children. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;133(2):603-4. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2013.12.001 PMCID:PMC4086475 PMID:24636478
36.	Rabinovitch N, Mauger DT, Reisdorph N, Covar R, Malka J, Lemanske RF Jr, Morgan WJ, Guilbert TW, Zeiger RS, Bacharier LB, Szefler SJ. Predictors of asthma control and lung function responsiveness to step 3 therapy in children with uncontrolled asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;133(2):350-6. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2013.07.039 PMCID:PMC3960329 PMID:24084071
37.	Guilbert TW, Bacharier LB, Fitzpatrick AM. Severe asthma in children. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2014;2(5):489-500. doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2014.06.022 PMID:25213041
38.	Beigelman A, Bacharier LB. The role of early life viral bronchiolitis in the inception of asthma. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013;13(2):211-6. doi:10.1097/ACI.0b013e32835eb6ef PMID:23385289
39.	Beigelman A, King TS, Mauger D, Zeiger RS, Strunk RC, Kelly HW, Martinez FD, Lemanske RF Jr, Rivera-Spoljaric K, Jackson DJ, Guilbert T, Covar R, Bacharier LB, Childhood Asthma Research and Education Network of National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Do oral corticosteroids reduce the severity of acute lower respiratory tract illnesses in preschool children with recurrent wheezing? J Allergy Clin Immunol(In Press). 2013. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2013.01.034 PMID:23498594
40.	Luhmann SJ, Sucato DJ, Bacharier L, Ellis A, Woerz C. Intraoperative anaphylaxis secondary to intraosseous gelatin administration. J Pediatr Orthop. 2013;33(5):e58-60. doi:10.1097/BPO.0b013e3182857d88 PMID:23752162
41.	Newton LP, Osei-Akosa Y, Strunk RC, Krauss M, Bacharier LB, Garbutt JM, Rivera-Spoljaric K. Nonrespiratory symptoms before loss of asthma control in children. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2013;1(3):304-6.e1-2. doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2013.01.012 PMID:24565492
42.	Bacharier LB, Guilbert TW. Diagnosis and management of early asthma in preschool-aged children. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;130(2):287-96; quiz 297-8. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2012.04.025 PMID:22664162
43.	Papadopoulos NG, Arakawa H, Carlsen KH, Custovic A, Gern J, Lemanske R, Le Souef P, Mäkelä M, Roberts G, Wong G, Zar H, Akdis CA, Bacharier LB, Baraldi E, van Bever HP, de Blic J, Boner A, Burks W, Casale TB, Castro-Rodriguez JA, Chen YZ, El-Gamal YM, Everard ML, Frischer T, Geller M, Gereda J, Goh DY, Guilbert TW, Hedlin G, Heymann PW, Hong SJ, Hossny EM, Huang JL, Jackson DJ, de Jongste JC, Kalayci O, Aït-Khaled N, Kling S, Kuna P, Lau S, Ledford DK, Lee SI, Liu AH, Lockey RF, Lødrup-Carlsen K, Lötvall J, Morikawa A, Nieto A, Paramesh H, Pawankar R, Pohunek P, Pongracic J, Price D, Robertson C, Rosario N, Rossenwasser LJ, Sly PD, Stein R, Stick S, Szefler S, Taussig LM, Valovirta E, Vichyanond P, Wallace D, Weinberg E, Wennergren G, Wildhaber J, Zeiger RS. International consensus on (ICON) pediatric asthma. Allergy. 2012;67(8):976-97. doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2012.02865.x PMID:22702533
44.	Bacharier LB, Cohen R, Schweiger T, Yin-Declue H, Christie C, Zheng J, Schechtman KB, Strunk RC, Castro M. Determinants of asthma after severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;130(1):91-100.e3. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2012.02.010 PMCID:PMC3612548 PMID:22444510
45.	Fitzpatrick AM, Baena-Cagnani CE, Bacharier LB. Severe asthma in childhood: recent advances in phenotyping and pathogenesis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;12(2):193-201. doi:10.1097/ACI.0b013e32835090ac PMCID:PMC3310912 PMID:22249197
46.	Writing Committee for the American Lung Association Asthma Clinical Research Centers, Holbrook JT, Wise RA, Gold BD, Blake K, Brown ED, Castro M, Dozor AJ, Lima JJ, Mastronarde JG, Sockrider MM, Teague WG. Lansoprazole for children with poorly controlled asthma: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2012;307(4):373-81. doi:10.1001/jama.2011.2035 PMID:22274684
47.	Beigelman A, Strunk RC, Garbutt JM, Schechtman KB, Jaenicke MW, Stein JS, Bacharier LB. Clinical and laboratory factors associated with negative oral food challenges. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2012;33(6):467-73. doi:10.2500/aap.2012.33.3607 PMCID:PMC3522388 PMID:23394503
48.	Bacharier LB. Step-down therapy in asthma: a focus on treatment options for patients receiving inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting beta-agonist combination therapy. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2012;33(1):13-8. doi:10.2500/aap.2012.33.3493 PMID:22183083
49.	Zeiger RS, Mauger D, Bacharier LB, Guilbert TW, Martinez FD, Lemanske RF Jr, Strunk RC, Covar R, Szefler SJ, Boehmer S, Jackson DJ, Sorkness CA, Gern JE, Kelly HW, Friedman NJ, Mellon MH, Schatz M, Morgan WJ, Chinchilli VM, Raissy HH, Bade E, Malka-Rais J, Beigelman A, Taussig LM, CARE Network of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Daily or intermittent budesonide in preschool children with recurrent wheezing. N Engl J Med. 2011;365(21):1990-2001. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1104647 PMCID:PMC3247621 PMID:22111718
50.	Rivera-Spoljaric K, Jaenicke M, Sridhar S, Krauss MJ, Garbutt JM, Bacharier LB, Strunk RC. Caregivers report a wide variety of early signs and symptoms of impending asthma exacerbations that are not different between preschool and school-aged children. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;128(5):1109-11.e1-5. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2011.06.033 PMID:21906791
51.	Guilbert TW, Mauger DT, Allen DB, Zeiger RS, Lemanske RF Jr, Szefler SJ, Strunk RC, Bacharier LB, Covar R, Sorkness CA, Taussig LM, Martinez FD, Childhood Asthma Research and Education Network of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Growth of preschool children at high risk for asthma 2 years after discontinuation of fluticasone. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;128(5):956-63.e1-7. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2011.06.027 PMCID:PMC3224818 PMID:21820163
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