Pediatric Research

Megan A. Cooper, M.D., Ph.D. cooper_m@wustl.edu

Professor of Pediatrics, Rheumatology and Immunology

View my lab

Rheumatology and Immunology

phone: (314) 454-6124

Research Interests

The laboratory is focused on mechanisms of immune cell control, including regulation of natural killer cell activation and molecular mechanisms driving pediatric immune-mediated disease.

Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune lymphocytes that produce cytokines and can kill target cells. They are important for the early control of viral infection and also play a role in tumor immunosurveillance. Current work in the laboratory is focused on understanding how metabolic pathways regulate NK cell functional responses. The second focus of our laboratory is on the origins of pediatric immune dysregulation. We use genomic sequencing to identify genetic causes of pediatric disease and work to better understand these diseases using in vitro and in vivo models.

Dr. Cooper is the Director of the Clinical Immunology program and the Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies at St. Louis Children's Hospital.

Work in our laboratory is supported by the National Institutes of Health, The Children's Discovery Institute, the Jeffrey Modell Foundation, the Immune Deficiency Foundation, the Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation, and the St. Louis Children’s Hospital Foundation.

Our research in the news:

Education

BA, The College of Wooster, 1995
PhD, The Ohio State University, 2002
MD, Cum Laude, AOA, MD/PhD Fellow, The Ohio State University, 2004

Training

Resident in Pediatrics, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University, 2004 - 2006
Fellowship in Pediatric Rheumatology, Washington University, 2006 - 2010

Licensure and Board Certification

2007 - PresAmerican Board of Pediatrics, General Pediatrics
2010 - PresMO, Missouri State Medical License
2011 - PresAmerican Board of Pediatrics - Pediatric Rheumatology

Honors and Awards

National Merit Finalist, 1991
Lewis LaShell Chemistry Scholarship, The College of Wooster, 1994
National Science Foundation Research Undergraduate Fellowship, 1994
Phi Beta Kappa National Honor Society, 1995
Bertha Bouroncle Internal Medicine Research Fellowship, 1998 - 1999
1st Place, Oral Presentation, Landacre Day Medical Student Research Forum, 1999
Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) Medical Student Research Fellow, 1999 - 2000
American Society of Hematology (ASH) Medical Student Award, 2001
Carroll L. Birch Award, for the best original research paper by a student member of the American Medical Women's Association (AMWA), 2001
Roche Molecular Biochemicals Distinguished Graduate Seminar Award, 2001
Phi Kappa Phi National Graduate Honor Society, 2002
Alpha Omega Alpha (AOA) Honor Medical Society, 2003
Grant Morrow III, MD, Award for Excellence in Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, 2004
Internal Medicine Research Award, The Ohio State University, 2004
Medical Scientist Award, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 2004
Watman Achievement Award, Alpha Omega Alpha Society, The Ohio State University, 2004
David Gilstrap Award, Washington University School of Medicine Department of Pediatrics, 2007
Pediatric NIH Loan Repayment Grant (LRP), NIH/NIAID, 2007 - 2013
Scholar of the NIH Child Health Research Center, Washington University Department of Pediatrics, 2009 - 2013
Best Original Basic Science Abstract, Washington University Department of Pediatrics Research Retreat, 2010
Children's Discovery Institute and St. Louis Children's Hospital Faculty Recruit Award, 2010 - 2015
Children’s Discovery Institute of Washington University and St. Louis Children’s Hospital Interdisciplinary Research Award, 2012 - 2015
The American Association of Immunologists (AAI) Early Career Faculty Travel Grant, 2014
“Lecturer of the Month”, St. Louis Children’s Hospital Residency Program, March 2016, 2016
Moderator, "Advances in clinical care through whole exome sequencing", American College of Rheumatology (ACR) Annual Meeting, November 15, 2016., 2016
Moderator, "Immunogenetic Basic Science Symposium", American Society for Histocompatibility & Immunogenetics (ASHI), September 26, 2016., 2016
Moderator, Guided Poster Tour, 2017 Clinical Immunology Society Meeting, March 25, 2017., 2017
Elected Member, Society for Pediatric Research (SPR), 2017 - Pres
Emil Unanue Prize for Innovative Research in Immunology, 2019
Fellow of the Clinical Immunology Society (FCIS), Inaugural class, 2021
Elected member Henry Kunkel Society (HKS), 2022

Selected Publications view all (59)

Publication Co-Authors

Shalini Shenoy, M.D.

Erica G Schmitt, M.D., Ph.D.

Ashley Steed, M.D., Ph.D.

Marwan Shinawi, M.D.

Jeffrey J. Bednarski, M.D., Ph.D.

Mary C. Dinauer, M.D., Ph.D.

Brian T. Edelson

Laura Schuettpelz, M.D, Ph.D.

Elizabeth C. Utterson, M.D.

Maleewan Kitcharoensakkul, MD, MSCI

Joshua B. Alinger, MD PhD

Anthony R. French, MD, PhD

Jorge Di Paola

David B. Wilson, M.D., Ph.D.

Yi-Shan Lee

Suong Thu Nguyen

Kevin Baszis, M.D.

S. Celeste Morley, M.D., Ph.D.

Vikas Dharnidharka, M.D., M.P.H.

1.	Aluri J, Bach A, Kaviany S, Chiquetto Paracatu L, Kitcharoensakkul M, Walkiewicz MA, Putnam CD, Shinawi M, Saucier N, Rizzi EM, Harmon MT, Keppel MP, Ritter M, Similuk M, Kulm E, Joyce M, de Jesus AA, Goldbach-Mansky R, Lee YS, Cella M, Kendall PL, Dinauer MC, Bednarski JJ, Bemrich-Stolz C, Canna SW, Abraham SM, Demczko MM, Powell J, Jones SM, Scurlock AM, De Ravin SS, Bleesing JJ, Connelly JA, Rao VK, Schuettpelz LG, Cooper MA. Immunodeficiency and bone marrow failure with mosaic and germline TLR8 gain of function. Blood. 2021;137(18):2450-2462. PMCID:PMC8109013 PMID:33512449
2.	Mantravadi V, Nguyen ST, Morley SC, Bednarski JJ, Kitcharoensakkul M, Cooper MA. Recovery from COVID-19 in a Child with Chronic Granulomatous Disease and T Cell Lymphopenia. J Clin Immunol. 2021;41(1):23-25. PMCID:PMC7588587 PMID:33108551
3.	Meitlis I, Allenspach EJ, Bauman BM, Phan IQ, Dabbah G, Schmitt EG, Camp ND, Torgerson TR, Nickerson DA, Bamshad MJ, Hagin D, Luthers CR, Stinson JR, Gray J, Lundgren I, Church JA, Butte MJ, Jordan MB, Aceves SS, Schwartz DM, Milner JD, Schuval S, Skoda-Smith S, Cooper MA, Starita LM, Rawlings DJ, Snow AL, James RG. Multiplexed Functional Assessment of Genetic Variants in CARD11. Am J Hum Genet. 2020;107(6):1029-1043. PMCID:PMC7820631 PMID:33202260
4.	Rubin Z, Grange DK, Cooper MA. Siblings with a novel MED12 variant and Odho syndrome with immune defects. Clin Genet. 2020;98(3):308-310. PMID:32715471
5.	Wagner JA, Wong P, Schappe T, Berrien-Elliott MM, Cubitt C, Jaeger N, Lee M, Keppel CR, Marin ND, Foltz JA, Marsala L, Neal CC, Sullivan RP, Schneider SE, Keppel MP, Saucier N, Cooper MA, Fehniger TA. Stage-Specific Requirement for Eomes in Mature NK Cell Homeostasis and Cytotoxicity. Cell Rep. 2020;31(9):107720. PMCID:PMC7265846 PMID:32492428
6.	Chan AY, Leiding JW, Liu X, Logan BR, Burroughs LM, Allenspach EJ, Skoda-Smith S, Uzel G, Notarangelo LD, Slatter M, Gennery AR, Smith AR, Pai SY, Jordan MB, Marsh RA, Cowan MJ, Dvorak CC, Craddock JA, Prockop SE, Chandrakasan S, Kapoor N, Buckley RH, Parikh S, Chellapandian D, Oshrine BR, Bednarski JJ, Cooper MA, Shenoy S, Davila Saldana BJ, Forbes LR, Martinez C, Haddad E, Shyr DC, Chen K, Sullivan KE, Heimall J, Wright N, Bhatia M, Cuvelier GDE, Goldman FD, Meyts I, Miller HK, Seidel MG, Vander Lugt MT, Bacchetta R, Weinacht KG, Andolina JR, Caywood E, Chong H, de la Morena MT, Aquino VM, Shereck E, Walter JE, Dorsey MJ, Seroogy CM, Griffith LM, Kohn DB, Puck JM, Pulsipher MA, Torgerson TR. Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Patients With Primary Immune Regulatory Disorders (PIRD): A Primary Immune Deficiency Treatment Consortium (PIDTC) Survey. Front Immunol. 2020;11:239. PMCID:PMC7046837 PMID:32153572
7.	Bosticardo M, Yamazaki Y, Cowan J, Giardino G, Corsino C, Scalia G, Prencipe R, Ruffner M, Hill DA, Sakovich I, Yemialyanava I, Tam JS, Padem N, Elder ME, Sleasman JW, Perez E, Niebur H, Seroogy CM, Sharapova S, Gebbia J, Kleiner GI, Peake J, Abbott JK, Gelfand EW, Crestani E, Biggs C, Butte MJ, Hartog N, Hayward A, Chen K, Heimall J, Seeborg F, Bartnikas LM, Cooper MA, Pignata C, Bhandoola A, Notarangelo LD. Heterozygous FOXN1 Variants Cause Low TRECs and Severe T Cell Lymphopenia, Revealing a Crucial Role of FOXN1 in Supporting Early Thymopoiesis. Am J Hum Genet. 2019;105(3):549-561. PMCID:PMC6731368 PMID:31447097
8.	Forbes LR, Vogel TP, Cooper MA, Castro-Wagner J, Schussler E, Weinacht KG, Plant AS, Su HC, Allenspach EJ, Slatter M, Abinun M, Lilic D, Cunningham-Rundles C, Eckstein O, Olbrich P, Guillerman RP, Patel NC, Demirdag YY, Zerbe C, Freeman AF, Holland SM, Szabolcs P, Gennery A, Torgerson TR, Milner JD, Leiding JW. Jakinibs for the treatment of immune dysregulation in patients with gain-of-function signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) or STAT3 mutations. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018;142(5):1665-1669. PMCID:PMC6322659 PMID:30092289
9.	Orange JS, Mace EM, French AR, Yokoyama WM, Fehniger TA, Cooper MA. Comment on: Evidence of innate lymphoid cell redundancy in humans. Nat Immunol. 2018;19(8):788-789. PMCID:PMC6736524 PMID:30026477
10.	Mah AY, Rashidi A, Keppel MP, Saucier N, Moore EK, Alinger JB, Tripathy SK, Agarwal SK, Jeng EK, Wong HC, Miller JS, Fehniger TA, Mace EM, French AR,Cooper MA. Glycolytic requirement for NK cell cytotoxicity and cytomegalovirus control. JCI Insight. 2017;2(23). PMCID:PMC5752285 PMID:29212951
11.	Tangye SG, Forbes LR, Leiding J, Preece K, Kumar AR, Gambineri E, Milner JD, Cooper MA, Seppänen M. Low IgE Is Insufficiently Sensitive to Guide Genetic Testing of STAT3 Gain-of-Function Mutations. Clin Chem. 2017;63(9):1539-1540. PMID:28667185
12.	Orandi AB, Vogel TP, Keppel MP, Utterson EC, Cooper MA. Azathioprine-Associated Complete NK Cell Deficiency. J Clin Immunol. 2017;37(6):514-516. PMID:28639167
13.	Ma CA, Stinson JR, Zhang Y, Abbott JK, Weinreich MA, Hauk PJ, Reynolds PR, Lyons JJ, Nelson CG, Ruffo E, Dorjbal B, Glauzy S, Yamakawa N, Arjunaraja S, Voss K, Stoddard J, Niemela J, Zhang Y, Rosenzweig SD, McElwee JJ, DiMaggio T, Matthews HF, Jones N, Stone KD, Palma A, Oleastro M, Prieto E, Bernasconi AR, Dubra G, Danielian S, Zaiat J, Marti MA, Kim B, Cooper MA, Romberg N, Meffre E, Gelfand EW, Snow AL, Milner JD. Germline hypomorphic CARD11 mutations in severe atopic disease. Nat Genet. 2017;49(8):1192-1201. PMCID:PMC5664152 PMID:28628108
14.	Lovric S, Goncalves S, Gee HY, Oskouian B, Srinivas H, Choi WI, Shril S, Ashraf S, Tan W, Rao J, Airik M, Schapiro D, Braun DA, Sadowski CE, Widmeier E, Jobst-Schwan T, Schmidt JM, Girik V, Capitani G, Suh JH, Lachaussée N, Arrondel C, Patat J, Gribouval O, Furlano M, Boyer O, Schmitt A, Vuiblet V, Hashmi S, Wilcken R, Bernier FP, Innes AM, Parboosingh JS, Lamont RE, Midgley JP, Wright N, Majewski J, Zenker M, Schaefer F, Kuss N, Greil J, Giese T, Schwarz K, Catheline V, Schanze D, Franke I, Sznajer Y, Truant AS, Adams B, Désir J, Biemann R, Pei Y, Ars E, Lloberas N, Madrid A, Dharnidharka VR, Connolly AM, Willing MC, Cooper MA, Lifton RP, Simons M, Riezman H, Antignac C, Saba JD, Hildebrandt F. Mutations in sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase cause nephrosis with ichthyosis and adrenal insufficiency. J Clin Invest. 2017;127(3):912-928. PMCID:PMC5330730 PMID:28165339
15.	Romee R, Rosario M, Berrien-Elliott MM, Wagner JA, Jewell BA, Schappe T, Leong JW, Abdel-Latif S, Schneider SE, Willey S, Neal CC, Yu L, Oh ST, Lee YS, Mulder A, Claas F, Cooper MA, Fehniger TA. Cytokine-induced memory-like natural killer cells exhibit enhanced responses against myeloid leukemia. Sci Transl Med. 2016;8(357):357ra123. PMCID:PMC5436500 PMID:27655849
16.	Keppel MP, Saucier N, Mah AY, Vogel TP, Cooper MA. Activation-specific metabolic requirements for NK Cell IFN-γ production. J Immunol. 2015;194(4):1954-62. PMCID:PMC4323953 PMID:25595780
17.	Milner JD, Vogel TP, Forbes L, Ma CA, Stray-Pedersen A, Niemela JE, Lyons JJ, Engelhardt KR, Zhang Y, Topcagic N, Roberson ED, Matthews H, Verbsky JW, Dasu T, Vargas-Hernandez A, Varghese N, McClain KL, Karam LB, Nahmod K, Makedonas G, Mace EM, Sorte HS, Perminow G, Rao VK, O'Connell MP, Price S, Su HC, Butrick M, McElwee J, Hughes JD, Willet J, Swan D, Xu Y, Santibanez-Koref M, Slowik V, Dinwiddie DL, Ciaccio CE, Saunders CJ, Septer S, Kingsmore SF, White AJ, Cant AJ, Hambleton S, Cooper MA. Early-onset lymphoproliferation and autoimmunity caused by germline STAT3 gain-of-function mutations. Blood. 2015;125(4):591-9. PMCID:PMC4304103 PMID:25359994
18.	Tarbox JA, Keppel MP, Topcagic N, Mackin C, Ben Abdallah M, Baszis KW, White AJ, French AR, Cooper MA. Elevated double negative T cells in pediatric autoimmunity. J Clin Immunol. 2014;34(5):594-9. doi:10.1007/s10875-014-0038-z PMCID:PMC4047151 PMID:24760111
19.	Lim E, Tao Y, White AJ, French AR, Cooper MA. Hypogammaglobulinemia in pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus. 2013;22(13):1382-7. PMCID:PMC3840537 PMID:24106215
20.	Keppel MP, Yang L, Cooper MA. Murine NK cell intrinsic cytokine-induced memory-like responses are maintained following homeostatic proliferation. J Immunol. 2013;190(9):4754-62. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1201742 PMCID:PMC3633638 PMID:23530145

1.	Kalaidina E, Utterson EC, Mokshagundam D, He M, Shenoy S, Cooper MA. Case Report: "Primary Immunodeficiency"-Severe Autoimmune Enteropathy in a Pediatric Heart Transplant Recipient Treated With Abatacept and Alemtuzumab. Front Immunol. 2022;13:863218. PMCID:PMC9017746 PMID:35450071
2.	Fejtkova M, Sukova M, Hlozkova K, Skvarova Kramarzova K, Rackova M, Jakubec D, Bakardjieva M, Bloomfield M, Klocperk A, Parackova Z, Sediva A, Aluri J, Novakova M, Kalina T, Fronkova E, Hrusak O, Malcova H, Sedlacek P, Liba Z, Kudr M, Stary J, Cooper MA, Svaton M, Kanderova V. TLR8/TLR7 dysregulation due to a novel TLR8 mutation causes severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia and autoinflammation in identical twins. Am J Hematol. 2022;97(3):338-351. PMID:34981838
3.	Sharma R, Sahoo SS, Honda M, Granger SL, Goodings C, Sanchez L, Künstner A, Busch H, Beier F, Pruett-Miller SM, Valentine MB, Fernandez AG, Chang TC, Géli V, Churikov D, Hirschi S, Pastor VB, Boerries M, Lauten M, Kelaidi C, Cooper MA, Nicholas S, Rosenfeld JA, Polychronopoulou S, Kannengiesser C, Saintomé C, Niemeyer CM, Revy P, Wold MS, Spies M, Erlacher M, Coulon S, Wlodarski MW. Gain-of-function mutations in RPA1 cause a syndrome with short telomeres and somatic genetic rescue. Blood. 2022;139(7):1039-1051. PMCID:PMC8854676 PMID:34767620
4.	Korenfeld D, Roussak K, Dinkel S, Vogel TP, Pollack H, Levy J, Leiding JW, Milner J, Cooper M, Klechevsky E. STAT3 Gain-of-Function Mutations Underlie Deficiency in Human Nonclassical CD16⁺ Monocytes and CD141⁺ Dendritic Cells. J Immunol. 2021;207(10):2423-2432. PMCID:PMC8578438 PMID:34654687
5.	Schmitt MM, Ferré EMN, De Melo MS, Cooper MA, Quezado MM, Heller T, Lionakis MS. Mycophenolate-Induced Colitis in Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy-Candidiasis-Ectodermal Dystrophy Patients. JPGN Rep. 2021;2(4). PMCID:PMC9004485 PMID:35425944
6.	Mantravadi V, Bednarski JJ, Ritter MA, Gu H, Kolicheski AL, Horner C, Cooper MA, Kitcharoensakkul M. Immunological Findings and Clinical Outcomes of Infants With Positive Newborn Screening for Severe Combined Immunodeficiency From a Tertiary Care Center in the U.S. Front Immunol. 2021;12:734096. PMCID:PMC8446381 PMID:34539671
7.	Mah-Som AY, Keppel MP, Tobin JM, Kolicheski A, Saucier N, Sexl V, French AR, Wagner JA, Fehniger TA, Cooper MA. Reliance on Cox10 and oxidative metabolism for antigen-specific NK cell expansion. Cell Rep. 2021;35(9):109209. PMCID:PMC8229496 PMID:34077722
8.	Aluri J, Bach A, Kaviany S, Chiquetto Paracatu L, Kitcharoensakkul M, Walkiewicz MA, Putnam CD, Shinawi M, Saucier N, Rizzi EM, Harmon MT, Keppel MP, Ritter M, Similuk M, Kulm E, Joyce M, de Jesus AA, Goldbach-Mansky R, Lee YS, Cella M, Kendall PL, Dinauer MC, Bednarski JJ, Bemrich-Stolz C, Canna SW, Abraham SM, Demczko MM, Powell J, Jones SM, Scurlock AM, De Ravin SS, Bleesing JJ, Connelly JA, Rao VK, Schuettpelz LG, Cooper MA. Immunodeficiency and bone marrow failure with mosaic and germline TLR8 gain of function. Blood. 2021;137(18):2450-2462. PMCID:PMC8109013 PMID:33512449
9.	Kitcharoensakkul M, Aluri J, Elsharkawi I, Steed A, Putnam CD, Swayampakula AK, Cooper MA, Bednarski JJ. A Case of Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Missed by Newborn Screening. J Clin Immunol. 2021. PMCID:PMC7954206 PMID:33712943
10.	Collins C, Kim-Chang JJ, Hsieh E, Silber A, O'Hara M, Kulke S, Cooper MA. Economic burden of congenital athymia in the United States for patients receiving supportive care during the first 3 years of life. J Med Econ. 2021;24(1):962-971. PMID:34324414
11.	Mantravadi V, Nguyen ST, Morley SC, Bednarski JJ, Kitcharoensakkul M, Cooper MA. Recovery from COVID-19 in a Child with Chronic Granulomatous Disease and T Cell Lymphopenia. J Clin Immunol. 2021;41(1):23-25. PMCID:PMC7588587 PMID:33108551
12.	Meitlis I, Allenspach EJ, Bauman BM, Phan IQ, Dabbah G, Schmitt EG, Camp ND, Torgerson TR, Nickerson DA, Bamshad MJ, Hagin D, Luthers CR, Stinson JR, Gray J, Lundgren I, Church JA, Butte MJ, Jordan MB, Aceves SS, Schwartz DM, Milner JD, Schuval S, Skoda-Smith S, Cooper MA, Starita LM, Rawlings DJ, Snow AL, James RG. Multiplexed Functional Assessment of Genetic Variants in CARD11. Am J Hum Genet. 2020;107(6):1029-1043. PMCID:PMC7820631 PMID:33202260
13.	Bastard P, Rosen LB, Zhang Q, Michailidis E, Hoffmann HH, Zhang Y, Dorgham K, Philippot Q, Rosain J, Béziat V, Manry J, Shaw E, Haljasmägi L, Peterson P, Lorenzo L, Bizien L, Trouillet-Assant S, Dobbs K, de Jesus AA, Belot A, Kallaste A, Catherinot E, Tandjaoui-Lambiotte Y, Le Pen J, Kerner G, Bigio B, Seeleuthner Y, Yang R, Bolze A, Spaan AN, Delmonte OM, Abers MS, Aiuti A, Casari G, Lampasona V, Piemonti L, Ciceri F, Bilguvar K, Lifton RP, Vasse M, Smadja DM, Migaud M, Hadjadj J, Terrier B, Duffy D, Quintana-Murci L, van de Beek D, Roussel L, Vinh DC, Tangye SG, Haerynck F, Dalmau D, Martinez-Picado J, Brodin P, Nussenzweig MC, Boisson-Dupuis S, Rodríguez-Gallego C, Vogt G, Mogensen TH, Oler AJ, Gu J, Burbelo PD, Cohen JI, Biondi A, Bettini LR, D'Angio M, Bonfanti P, Rossignol P, Mayaux J, Rieux-Laucat F, Husebye ES, Fusco F, Ursini MV, Imberti L, Sottini A, Paghera S, Quiros-Roldan E, Rossi C, Castagnoli R, Montagna D, Licari A, Marseglia GL, Duval X, Ghosn J, HGID Lab., NIAID-USUHS Immune Response to COVID Group., COVID Clinicians., COVID-STORM Clinicians., Imagine COVID Group., French COVID Cohort Study Group., Milieu Intérieur Consortium., CoV-Contact Cohort., Amsterdam UMC Covid-19 Biobank., COVID Human Genetic Effort., Tsang JS, Goldbach-Mansky R, Kisand K, Lionakis MS, Puel A, Zhang SY, Holland SM, Gorochov G, Jouanguy E, Rice CM, Cobat A, Notarangelo LD, Abel L, Su HC, Casanova JL. Autoantibodies against type I IFNs in patients with life-threatening COVID-19. Science. 2020;370(6515). PMCID:PMC7857397 PMID:32972996
14.	Zhang Q, Bastard P, Liu Z, Le Pen J, Moncada-Velez M, Chen J, Ogishi M, Sabli IKD, Hodeib S, Korol C, Rosain J, Bilguvar K, Ye J, Bolze A, Bigio B, Yang R, Arias AA, Zhou Q, Zhang Y, Onodi F, Korniotis S, Karpf L, Philippot Q, Chbihi M, Bonnet-Madin L, Dorgham K, Smith N, Schneider WM, Razooky BS, Hoffmann HH, Michailidis E, Moens L, Han JE, Lorenzo L, Bizien L, Meade P, Neehus AL, Ugurbil AC, Corneau A, Kerner G, Zhang P, Rapaport F, Seeleuthner Y, Manry J, Masson C, Schmitt Y, Schlüter A, Le Voyer T, Khan T, Li J, Fellay J, Roussel L, Shahrooei M, Alosaimi MF, Mansouri D, Al-Saud H, Al-Mulla F, Almourfi F, Al-Muhsen SZ, Alsohime F, Al Turki S, Hasanato R, van de Beek D, Biondi A, Bettini LR, D'Angio' M, Bonfanti P, Imberti L, Sottini A, Paghera S, Quiros-Roldan E, Rossi C, Oler AJ, Tompkins MF, Alba C, Vandernoot I, Goffard JC, Smits G, Migeotte I, Haerynck F, Soler-Palacin P, Martin-Nalda A, Colobran R, Morange PE, Keles S, Çölkesen F, Ozcelik T, Yasar KK, Senoglu S, Karabela ŞN, Rodríguez-Gallego C, Novelli G, Hraiech S, Tandjaoui-Lambiotte Y, Duval X, Laouénan C, COVID-STORM Clinicians., COVID Clinicians., Imagine COVID Group., French COVID Cohort Study Group., CoV-Contact Cohort., Amsterdam UMC Covid-19 Biobank., COVID Human Genetic Effort., NIAID-USUHS/TAGC COVID Immunity Group., Snow AL, Dalgard CL, Milner JD, Vinh DC, Mogensen TH, Marr N, Spaan AN, Boisson B, Boisson-Dupuis S, Bustamante J, Puel A, Ciancanelli MJ, Meyts I, Maniatis T, Soumelis V, Amara A, Nussenzweig M, García-Sastre A, Krammer F, Pujol A, Duffy D, Lifton RP, Zhang SY, Gorochov G, Béziat V, Jouanguy E, Sancho-Shimizu V, Rice CM, Abel L, Notarangelo LD, Cobat A, Su HC, Casanova JL. Inborn errors of type I IFN immunity in patients with life-threatening COVID-19. Science. 2020;370(6515). PMCID:PMC7857407 PMID:32972995
15.	Fisher MH, Kirkpatrick GD, Stevens B, Jones C, Callaghan M, Rajpurkar M, Fulbright J, Cooper MA, Rowley J, Porter CC, Gutierrez-Hartmann A, Jones K, Jordan C, Pietras EM, Di Paola J. ETV6 germline mutations cause HDAC3/NCOR2 mislocalization and upregulation of interferon response genes. JCI Insight. 2020;5(18). PMCID:PMC7526537 PMID:32841218
16.	Zhao P, Liu ID, Hodgin JB, Benke PI, Selva J, Torta F, Wenk MR, Endrizzi JA, West O, Ou W, Tang E, Goh DL, Tay SK, Yap HK, Loh A, Weaver N, Sullivan B, Larson A, Cooper MA, Alhasan K, Alangari AA, Salim S, Gumus E, Chen K, Zenker M, Hildebrandt F, Saba JD. Responsiveness of sphingosine phosphate lyase insufficiency syndrome to vitamin B6 cofactor supplementation. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2020;43(5):1131-1142. PMCID:PMC8072405 PMID:32233035
17.	Rubin Z, Grange DK, Cooper MA. Siblings with a novel MED12 variant and Odho syndrome with immune defects. Clin Genet. 2020;98(3):308-310. PMID:32715471
18.	Casanova JL, Su HC, COVID Human Genetic Effort. A Global Effort to Define the Human Genetics of Protective Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Cell. 2020;181(6):1194-1199. PMCID:PMC7218368 PMID:32405102
19.	Wagner JA, Wong P, Schappe T, Berrien-Elliott MM, Cubitt C, Jaeger N, Lee M, Keppel CR, Marin ND, Foltz JA, Marsala L, Neal CC, Sullivan RP, Schneider SE, Keppel MP, Saucier N, Cooper MA, Fehniger TA. Stage-Specific Requirement for Eomes in Mature NK Cell Homeostasis and Cytotoxicity. Cell Rep. 2020;31(9):107720. PMCID:PMC7265846 PMID:32492428
20.	Chan AY, Leiding JW, Liu X, Logan BR, Burroughs LM, Allenspach EJ, Skoda-Smith S, Uzel G, Notarangelo LD, Slatter M, Gennery AR, Smith AR, Pai SY, Jordan MB, Marsh RA, Cowan MJ, Dvorak CC, Craddock JA, Prockop SE, Chandrakasan S, Kapoor N, Buckley RH, Parikh S, Chellapandian D, Oshrine BR, Bednarski JJ, Cooper MA, Shenoy S, Davila Saldana BJ, Forbes LR, Martinez C, Haddad E, Shyr DC, Chen K, Sullivan KE, Heimall J, Wright N, Bhatia M, Cuvelier GDE, Goldman FD, Meyts I, Miller HK, Seidel MG, Vander Lugt MT, Bacchetta R, Weinacht KG, Andolina JR, Caywood E, Chong H, de la Morena MT, Aquino VM, Shereck E, Walter JE, Dorsey MJ, Seroogy CM, Griffith LM, Kohn DB, Puck JM, Pulsipher MA, Torgerson TR. Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Patients With Primary Immune Regulatory Disorders (PIRD): A Primary Immune Deficiency Treatment Consortium (PIDTC) Survey. Front Immunol. 2020;11:239. PMCID:PMC7046837 PMID:32153572
21.	Sacco KA, Smith MJ, Bahna SL, Buchbinder D, Burkhardt J, Cooper MA, Hartog NL, Kobrynski L, Patel KP, Abraham RS. NAPDH Oxidase-Specific Flow Cytometry Allows for Rapid Genetic Triage and Classification of Novel Variants in Chronic Granulomatous Disease. J Clin Immunol. 2020;40(1):191-202. PMID:31813112
22.	Berrien-Elliott MM, Sun Y, Neal C, Ireland A, Trissal MC, Sullivan RP, Wagner JA, Leong JW, Wong P, Mah-Som AY, Wong TN, Schappe T, Keppel CR, Cortez VS, Stamatiades EG, Li MO, Colonna M, Link DC, French AR, Cooper MA, Wang WL, Boldin MP, Reddy P, Fehniger TA. MicroRNA-142 Is Critical for the Homeostasis and Function of Type 1 Innate Lymphoid Cells. Immunity. 2019;51(3):479-490.e6. PMCID:PMC6750984 PMID:31402259
23.	Bosticardo M, Yamazaki Y, Cowan J, Giardino G, Corsino C, Scalia G, Prencipe R, Ruffner M, Hill DA, Sakovich I, Yemialyanava I, Tam JS, Padem N, Elder ME, Sleasman JW, Perez E, Niebur H, Seroogy CM, Sharapova S, Gebbia J, Kleiner GI, Peake J, Abbott JK, Gelfand EW, Crestani E, Biggs C, Butte MJ, Hartog N, Hayward A, Chen K, Heimall J, Seeborg F, Bartnikas LM, Cooper MA, Pignata C, Bhandoola A, Notarangelo LD. Heterozygous FOXN1 Variants Cause Low TRECs and Severe T Cell Lymphopenia, Revealing a Crucial Role of FOXN1 in Supporting Early Thymopoiesis. Am J Hum Genet. 2019;105(3):549-561. PMCID:PMC6731368 PMID:31447097
24.	Ferré EMN, Break TJ, Burbelo PD, Allgäuer M, Kleiner DE, Jin D, Xu Z, Folio LR, Mollura DJ, Swamydas M, Gu W, Hunsberger S, Lee CR, Bondici A, Hoffman KW, Lim JK, Dobbs K, Niemela JE, Fleisher TA, Hsu AP, Snow LN, Darnell DN, Ojaimi S, Cooper MA, Bozzola M, Kleiner GI, Martinez JC, Deterding RR, Kuhns DB, Heller T, Winer KK, Rajan A, Holland SM, Notarangelo LD, Fennelly KP, Olivier KN, Lionakis MS. Lymphocyte-driven regional immunopathology in pneumonitis caused by impaired central immune tolerance. Sci Transl Med. 2019;11(495). PMCID:PMC6647037 PMID:31167928
25.	Forbes LR, Vogel TP, Cooper MA, Castro-Wagner J, Schussler E, Weinacht KG, Plant AS, Su HC, Allenspach EJ, Slatter M, Abinun M, Lilic D, Cunningham-Rundles C, Eckstein O, Olbrich P, Guillerman RP, Patel NC, Demirdag YY, Zerbe C, Freeman AF, Holland SM, Szabolcs P, Gennery A, Torgerson TR, Milner JD, Leiding JW. Jakinibs for the treatment of immune dysregulation in patients with gain-of-function signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) or STAT3 mutations. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018;142(5):1665-1669. PMCID:PMC6322659 PMID:30092289
26.	Throm AA, Moncrieffe H, Orandi AB, Pingel JT, Geurs TL, Miller HL, Daugherty AL, Malkova ON, Lovell DJ, Thompson SD, Grom AA, Cooper MA, Oh ST, French AR. Identification of enhanced IFN-γ signaling in polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis with mass cytometry. JCI Insight. 2018;3(15). PMCID:PMC6129135 PMID:30089725
27.	Orange JS, Mace EM, French AR, Yokoyama WM, Fehniger TA, Cooper MA. Comment on: Evidence of innate lymphoid cell redundancy in humans. Nat Immunol. 2018;19(8):788-789. PMCID:PMC6736524 PMID:30026477
28.	Xia J, Miller CA, Baty J, Ramesh A, Jotte MRM, Fulton RS, Vogel TP, Cooper MA, Walkovich KJ, Makaryan V, Bolyard AA, Dinauer MC, Wilson DB, Vlachos A, Myers KC, Rothbaum RJ, Bertuch AA, Dale DC, Shimamura A, Boxer LA, Link DC. Somatic mutations and clonal hematopoiesis in congenital neutropenia. Blood. 2018;131(4):408-416. PMCID:PMC5790127 PMID:29092827
29.	Mah AY, Rashidi A, Keppel MP, Saucier N, Moore EK, Alinger JB, Tripathy SK, Agarwal SK, Jeng EK, Wong HC, Miller JS, Fehniger TA, Mace EM, French AR,Cooper MA. Glycolytic requirement for NK cell cytotoxicity and cytomegalovirus control. JCI Insight. 2017;2(23). PMCID:PMC5752285 PMID:29212951
30.	Tangye SG, Forbes LR, Leiding J, Preece K, Kumar AR, Gambineri E, Milner JD, Cooper MA, Seppänen M. Low IgE Is Insufficiently Sensitive to Guide Genetic Testing of STAT3 Gain-of-Function Mutations. Clin Chem. 2017;63(9):1539-1540. PMID:28667185
31.	Orandi AB, Vogel TP, Keppel MP, Utterson EC, Cooper MA. Azathioprine-Associated Complete NK Cell Deficiency. J Clin Immunol. 2017;37(6):514-516. PMID:28639167
32.	Ma CA, Stinson JR, Zhang Y, Abbott JK, Weinreich MA, Hauk PJ, Reynolds PR, Lyons JJ, Nelson CG, Ruffo E, Dorjbal B, Glauzy S, Yamakawa N, Arjunaraja S, Voss K, Stoddard J, Niemela J, Zhang Y, Rosenzweig SD, McElwee JJ, DiMaggio T, Matthews HF, Jones N, Stone KD, Palma A, Oleastro M, Prieto E, Bernasconi AR, Dubra G, Danielian S, Zaiat J, Marti MA, Kim B, Cooper MA, Romberg N, Meffre E, Gelfand EW, Snow AL, Milner JD. Germline hypomorphic CARD11 mutations in severe atopic disease. Nat Genet. 2017;49(8):1192-1201. PMCID:PMC5664152 PMID:28628108
33.	Lovric S, Goncalves S, Gee HY, Oskouian B, Srinivas H, Choi WI, Shril S, Ashraf S, Tan W, Rao J, Airik M, Schapiro D, Braun DA, Sadowski CE, Widmeier E, Jobst-Schwan T, Schmidt JM, Girik V, Capitani G, Suh JH, Lachaussée N, Arrondel C, Patat J, Gribouval O, Furlano M, Boyer O, Schmitt A, Vuiblet V, Hashmi S, Wilcken R, Bernier FP, Innes AM, Parboosingh JS, Lamont RE, Midgley JP, Wright N, Majewski J, Zenker M, Schaefer F, Kuss N, Greil J, Giese T, Schwarz K, Catheline V, Schanze D, Franke I, Sznajer Y, Truant AS, Adams B, Désir J, Biemann R, Pei Y, Ars E, Lloberas N, Madrid A, Dharnidharka VR, Connolly AM, Willing MC, Cooper MA, Lifton RP, Simons M, Riezman H, Antignac C, Saba JD, Hildebrandt F. Mutations in sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase cause nephrosis with ichthyosis and adrenal insufficiency. J Clin Invest. 2017;127(3):912-928. PMCID:PMC5330730 PMID:28165339
34.	Romee R, Rosario M, Berrien-Elliott MM, Wagner JA, Jewell BA, Schappe T, Leong JW, Abdel-Latif S, Schneider SE, Willey S, Neal CC, Yu L, Oh ST, Lee YS, Mulder A, Claas F, Cooper MA, Fehniger TA. Cytokine-induced memory-like natural killer cells exhibit enhanced responses against myeloid leukemia. Sci Transl Med. 2016;8(357):357ra123. PMCID:PMC5436500 PMID:27655849
35.	Fotis L, Baszis KW, French AR, Cooper MA, White AJ. Mesenteric vasculitis in children with systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Rheumatol. 2016;35(3):785-93. doi:10.1007/s10067-015-2892-3 PMID:25687984
36.	Keppel MP, Saucier N, Mah AY, Vogel TP, Cooper MA. Activation-specific metabolic requirements for NK Cell IFN-γ production. J Immunol. 2015;194(4):1954-62. PMCID:PMC4323953 PMID:25595780
37.	Milner JD, Vogel TP, Forbes L, Ma CA, Stray-Pedersen A, Niemela JE, Lyons JJ, Engelhardt KR, Zhang Y, Topcagic N, Roberson ED, Matthews H, Verbsky JW, Dasu T, Vargas-Hernandez A, Varghese N, McClain KL, Karam LB, Nahmod K, Makedonas G, Mace EM, Sorte HS, Perminow G, Rao VK, O'Connell MP, Price S, Su HC, Butrick M, McElwee J, Hughes JD, Willet J, Swan D, Xu Y, Santibanez-Koref M, Slowik V, Dinwiddie DL, Ciaccio CE, Saunders CJ, Septer S, Kingsmore SF, White AJ, Cant AJ, Hambleton S, Cooper MA. Early-onset lymphoproliferation and autoimmunity caused by germline STAT3 gain-of-function mutations. Blood. 2015;125(4):591-9. PMCID:PMC4304103 PMID:25359994
38.	Tarbox JA, Keppel MP, Topcagic N, Mackin C, Ben Abdallah M, Baszis KW, White AJ, French AR, Cooper MA. Elevated double negative T cells in pediatric autoimmunity. J Clin Immunol. 2014;34(5):594-9. doi:10.1007/s10875-014-0038-z PMCID:PMC4047151 PMID:24760111
39.	Deady LE, Todd EM, Davis CG, Zhou JY, Topcagic N, Edelson BT, Ferkol TW, Cooper MA, Muenzer JT, Morley SC. L-plastin is essential for alveolar macrophage production and control of pulmonary pneumococcal infection. Infect Immun. 2014;82(5):1982-93. PMCID:PMC3993441 PMID:24595139
40.	Leong JW, Chase JM, Romee R, Schneider SE, Sullivan RP, Cooper MA, Fehniger TA. Preactivation with IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18 induces CD25 and a functional high-affinity IL-2 receptor on human cytokine-induced memory-like natural killer cells. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2014;20(4):463-73. doi:10.1016/j.bbmt.2014.01.006 PMCID:PMC3959288 PMID:24434782
41.	Lim E, Tao Y, White AJ, French AR, Cooper MA. Hypogammaglobulinemia in pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus. 2013;22(13):1382-7. PMCID:PMC3840537 PMID:24106215
42.	Keppel MP, Yang L, Cooper MA. Murine NK cell intrinsic cytokine-induced memory-like responses are maintained following homeostatic proliferation. J Immunol. 2013;190(9):4754-62. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1201742 PMCID:PMC3633638 PMID:23530145
43.	Romee R, Schneider SE, Leong JW, Chase JM, Keppel CR, Sullivan RP, Cooper MA, Fehniger TA. Cytokine activation induces human memory-like NK cells. Blood. 2012;120(24):4751-60. doi:10.1182/blood-2012-04-419283 PMCID:PMC3520618 PMID:22983442
44.	Kitcharoensakkul M, Ree N, Bloomberg GR, Dehner LP, Heidingsfelder JA, White AJ, Cooper MA. Vancomycin-induced DRESS with evidence of T-cell activation in a 22-month-old patient. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2012;109(4):280-1. PMID:23010236
45.	Baszis K, Toib D, Cooper M, French A, White A. Recurrent parotitis as a presentation of primary pediatric Sjögren syndrome. Pediatrics. 2012;129(1):e179-82. PMID:22184654
46.	Cooper MA, Elliott JM, Keyel PA, Yang L, Carrero JA, Yokoyama WM. Cytokine-induced memory-like natural killer cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009;106(6):1915-9. doi:10.1073/pnas.0813192106 PMCID:PMC2644138 PMID:19181844
47.	Cooper MA, Willingham DL, Brown DE, French AR, Shih FF, White AJ. Rituximab for the treatment of juvenile dermatomyositis: a report of four pediatric patients. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;56(9):3107-11. doi:10.1002/art.22856 PMID:17763414
48.	Fehniger TA, Cooper MA, Nuovo GJ, Cella M, Facchetti F, Colonna M, Caligiuri MA. CD56bright natural killer cells are present in human lymph nodes and are activated by T cell-derived IL-2: a potential new link between adaptive and innate immunity. Blood. 2003;101(8):3052-7. doi:10.1182/blood-2002-09-2876 PMID:12480696
49.	Cooper MA, Bush JE, Fehniger TA, VanDeusen JB, Waite RE, Liu Y, Aguila HL, Caligiuri MA. In vivo evidence for a dependence on interleukin 15 for survival of natural killer cells. Blood. 2002;100(10):3633-8. doi:10.1182/blood-2001-12-0293 PMID:12393617
50.	Comella K, Nakamura M, Melnik K, Chosy J, Zborowski M, Cooper MA, Fehniger TA, Caligiuri MA, Chalmers JJ. Effects of antibody concentration on the separation of human natural killer cells in a commercial immunomagnetic separation system. Cytometry. 2001;45(4):285-93. PMID:11746098
51.	Cooper MA, Fehniger TA, Caligiuri MA. The biology of human natural killer-cell subsets. Trends Immunol. 2001;22(11):633-40. PMID:11698225
52.	Cooper MA, Fehniger TA, Turner SC, Chen KS, Ghaheri BA, Ghayur T, Carson WE, Caligiuri MA. Human natural killer cells: a unique innate immunoregulatory role for the CD56(bright) subset. Blood. 2001;97(10):3146-51. PMID:11342442
53.	Cooper MA, Fehniger TA, Ponnappan A, Mehta V, Wewers MD, Caligiuri MA. Interleukin-1beta costimulates interferon-gamma production by human natural killer cells. Eur J Immunol. 2001;31(3):792-801. PMID:11241284
54.	Fehniger TA, Suzuki K, Ponnappan A, VanDeusen JB, Cooper MA, Florea SM, Freud AG, Robinson ML, Durbin J, Caligiuri MA. Fatal leukemia in interleukin 15 transgenic mice follows early expansions in natural killer and memory phenotype CD8+ T cells. J Exp Med. 2001;193(2):219-31. PMCID:PMC2193336 PMID:11208862
55.	Carson WE, Dierksheide JE, Jabbour S, Anghelina M, Bouchard P, Ku G, Yu H, Baumann H, Shah MH, Cooper MA, Durbin J, Caligiuri MA. Coadministration of interleukin-18 and interleukin-12 induces a fatal inflammatory response in mice: critical role of natural killer cell interferon-gamma production and STAT-mediated signal transduction. Blood. 2000;96(4):1465-73. PMID:10942393
56.	Fehniger TA, Bluman EM, Porter MM, Mrózek E, Cooper MA, VanDeusen JB, Frankel SR, Stock W, Caligiuri MA. Potential mechanisms of human natural killer cell expansion in vivo during low-dose IL-2 therapy. J Clin Invest. 2000;106(1):117-24. PMCID:PMC314354 PMID:10880055
57.	Fehniger TA, Yu H, Cooper MA, Suzuki K, Shah MH, Caligiuri MA. Cutting edge: IL-15 costimulates the generalized Shwartzman reaction and innate immune IFN-gamma production in vivo. J Immunol. 2000;164(4):1643-7. PMID:10657604
58.	Fehniger TA, Shah MH, Turner MJ, VanDeusen JB, Whitman SP, Cooper MA, Suzuki K, Wechser M, Goodsaid F, Caligiuri MA. Differential cytokine and chemokine gene expression by human NK cells following activation with IL-18 or IL-15 in combination with IL-12: implications for the innate immune response. J Immunol. 1999;162(8):4511-20. PMID:10201989
59.	Schanze KS, Lucia LA, Cooper M, Walter KA, Ji HF, Sabina O. Intramolecular energy transfer to trans-stilbene J Phys Chem A. 1998;102:5577-5584.